Respons Vigor, Pertumbuhan, Perkembangan, dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Keriting (Capsicum annuum L.) Terhadap Konsentrasi dan Lama Perendaman GA₃

Response of Vigor, Growth, Development, and Yield of Curly Chili Plants (Capsicum annuum L.) to GA₃ Concentration and Soaking Duration

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30605/bt6zv651

Keywords:

Cabai keriting, giberelin, lama perendaman, imbibisi, produktivitas tanaman

Abstract

Peran strategis tanaman cabai keriting (Capsicum annuum L.) sebagai komoditas hortikultura bernilai ekonomi tinggi di Indonesia, yang budidayanya sering terkendala oleh lambatnya laju perkecambahan, hambatan dormansi benih, dan rendahnya vigor bibit awal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji serta menganalisis pengaruh konsentrasi giberelin dan lama perendaman benih, baik secara mandiri maupun interaksinya, terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif serta hasil tanaman cabai keriting. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2026 di Laboratorium Benih dan Pemuliaan serta Kebun Percobaan (Experimental Farm) Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 4x3. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi giberelin 4 taraf (0, 100, 200, dan 300 ppm) dan faktor kedua adalah lama perendaman 3 taraf (0, 60, dan 120 menit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan konsentrasi giberelin dan lama perendaman berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan serta hasil tanaman. Konsentrasi 300 ppm (A4) secara konsisten memberikan respon terbaik dengan meningkatkan jumlah daun (125,11 helai), panjang buah (9,69 cm), dan bobot buah per tanaman (58,99 gram). Perendaman benih durasi 60 hingga 120 menit efektif mengoptimalkan imbibisi dan vigor awal tanaman. Kedua faktor menunjukkan interaksi signifikan pada hasil, di mana kombinasi giberelin 300 ppm dan perendaman 120 menit (A4B3) menghasilkan panjang buah (9,96 cm) serta bobot buah per tanaman (69,21 gram) tertinggi. Aplikasi giberelin 300 ppm yang dikombinasikan dengan perendaman 120 menit merupakan perlakuan paling efektif mengoptimalkan produktivitas hasil panen cabai keriting.

Curly chili (Capsicum annuum L.) plays a strategic role as a high-value horticultural commodity in Indonesia; however, its cultivation is often hindered by slow germination rates, seed dormancy, and low initial seedling vigor. This study aimed to examine and analyze the effects of gibberellin concentration and seed soaking duration—both individually and through their interaction—on the vegetative growth and yield of curly chili plants. The research was conducted in April 2026 at the Seed and Breeding Laboratory and the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a 4x3 factorial pattern was employed. The first factor consisted of four gibberellin concentration levels (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm), and the second factor comprised three soaking duration levels (0, 60, and 120 minutes). The results indicated that both gibberellin concentration and soaking duration had a significant positive effect on plant growth and yield. The 300 ppm concentration (A4) consistently yielded the best results, increasing the number of leaves (125.11 leaves), fruit length (9.69 cm), and fruit weight per plant (58.99 g). Soaking seeds for 60 to 120 minutes effectively optimized imbibition and initial plant vigor. A significant interaction between the two factors was observed regarding yield; the combination of 300 ppm gibberellin and a 120-minute soak (A4B3) produced the greatest fruit length (9.96 cm) and fruit weight per plant (69.21 g). Consequently, the application of 300 ppm gibberellin combined with a 120-minute soak proved to be the most effective treatment for optimizing curly chili productivity.

References

Afriansyah, M., Ermawati, Pramono, E., & Nurmiaty, Y. (2021). Viabilitas benih dan vigor kecambah empat genotipe sorgum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) pasca penyimpanan 16 bulan. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 9(1), 129–136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v9i1.4779

Azhari, C. R., Kurniawan, D., & Berliana, Y. (2025). Respon pemberian zpt giberelin dan asam humat terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat ceri. ALGEBRA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Sains, 5(1), 12-28.

Bantis, F., & Koukounaras, A. (2023). The use of high-quality watermelon seedlings is prerequisite to limit the transplanting shock and achieve yield earliness. Horticulturae, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9080943 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9080943

Chen, D., Li, H., Wang, X., Ma, J., Li, S., Jiang, X., Dai, A., Yu, H., Zhang, Y., & Liu, Y. (2025). Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the plant growth and quality of greenhouse tomatoes at the first flowering and fruiting stages. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 18(1), 181–190. https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20251801.8781 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20251801.8781

Damaris, R. N., Lin, Z., Yang, P., & He, D. (2019). The rice alpha-amylase, conserved regulator of seed maturation and germination. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(2). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020450 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020450

Fatikanova, S., Aziza, E.N., & Rajiman, R. (2024). Efek Konsentrasi dan Durasi Perendaman KNO₃ terhadap Kualitas Benih Cabai Rawit Galur RCR 22. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian, 31(2), 86–91. https://doi.org/10.55259/jiip.v31i1.54 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55259/jiip.v31i2.54

Ginandjar, S., Dikayani, & Nurhakim, F. S. (2018). Response kailan plants (Brassica oleraceae L.) to the immersion plant growth regulator (GA3) with various types growing media. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 8(2), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.1005/2018.8.2/1005.2.195.203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1005/2018.8.2/1005.2.195.203

Guerra-García, A., Balarynová, J., Smykal, P., von Wettberg, E. J., Noble, S. D., & Bett, K. E. (2025). Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of lentil seed imbibition and dormancy in relation to its domestication. Plant Genome, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.70021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.70021

Harsono, P., Yunindanova, M. B., Sulandjari, & Yulianti, T. D. (2026). Application of multivariate and univariate data analysis to evaluate the response of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) to various plant growth regulators. BIO Web of Conferences, 219. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202621907003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202621907003

Hedden, P. (2025). Induction of α-amylase and endosperm-imposed seed dormancy: two pioneering papers in gibberellin research. Planta, 261(6). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04699-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04699-w

Juanda, A., Fitria, & Farahzety, A. (2025). Pengaruh perlakuan priming terhadap perkecambahan benih cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.) pada kondisi laboratorium. Jurnal Agrium, 22(1), 101–109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29103/agrium.v22i1.21294

Kasim, N., Panggula, N. D. P., Haring, F., Ulfa, F., Dachlan, A., Widiayani, N., & Yulsan, D. (2020). Growth and production of Katokkon (Capsicum chinense Jacq) chili plants in lowland applied with gibberellins and liquid organic fertilizer. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 486(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/486/1/012121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/486/1/012121

Khaira, A., Habibullah, A., Khotimah, N.H., Yuliani, & Rahayu, S.Y. (2021). Pengaruh konsentrasi dan lama perendaman dalam larutan giberelin terhadap perkecambahan biji cabai (Capcisum annum L.). (Ed.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi, 2(2), 510–517. Universitas Negeri Padang.

Megasari, R., Rasyid, A., & Darmawan, M. (2024). Pegujian viabilitas dan vigor benih beberapa varietas padi lokal Gorontalo. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian, 5(1), 1137–1146. https://doi.org/10.47687/snppvp.v5i1.1187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47687/snppvp.v5i1.1187

Nugroho, A., Vistiadi, K., & Sarjiyah, S. (2021). Perbaikan perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan bawang merah dengan perendaman benih dalam giberelin. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan, 21(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v21i1.1965 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v21i1.1965

Ramdan, E. P., & Risnawati. (2018). Aplikasi bakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dari babadotan dan pengaruhnya pada perkembangan benih cabai. Jurnal Pertanian Presisi (Journal of Precision Agriculture), 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.35760/jpp.2018.v2i1.2002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35760/jpp.2018.v2i1.2002

Revina, C., Kurniawan, D., & Berliana, Y. (2025). respon pemberian zpt giberelin dan asam humat terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat ceri. ALGEBRA : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Sains, 5(1), 12–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58432/algebra.v5i1.1230

Ritonga, F. N., Zhou, D., Zhang, Y., Song, R., Li, C., Li, J., & Gao, J. (2023). The roles of gibberellins in regulating leaf development. Plants, 12(6). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061243 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061243

Salmah, L. (2018). Pengaruh konsentrasi giberelin dan waktu perendaman benih terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.). AGROSWAGATI, 6, 657–665. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33603/agroswagati.v6i1.1947

Setiyawati, I., Neliyati, & Jasminarni. (2024). Pengaruh konsentrasi giberelin (GA3) dan lama perendaman terhadap perkecambahan benih kopi robusta (Coffea robusta L.) tanpa kulit. J. Agroecotania, 7(1), 17-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22437/agroecotania.v7i1.42013

Siddiki, M. H., Masum, A. Al, Rashid, M., Ahmed, S. I., & Chakraborty, B. (2025). Improving growth and yield of chilli (Capsicum spp.) through plant growth regulator application. Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, 12(2), 253–258. https://doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v12i2.84221 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v12i2.84221

Singh, R., Lalramchhana, L., Singh, Y. P., Ranganna, G., Thangavel, M., Singh, R. P., Singh, D., & Muradi, K. B. (2025). Flowering physiology and fruit set regulation in major fruit, vegetable, and flower crops: a comprehensive review. Plant Archives, 26(1), 2132–2142. https://doi.org/10.51470/PLANTARCHIVES.2026.v26.supplement-1.287 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51470/PLANTARCHIVES.2026.v26.supplement-1.287

Siregar, R. A., Berliana, Y., & Nadhira, A. (2024). Pengaruh pupuk kandang sapi dan zpt giberelin untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.). AGROBUN: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 1(2), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.36490/agrobun.v1i2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36490/agrobun.v1i2.1373

Suhendra, D., & Rezki, D. (2022). Kondisi perubahan bobot dan kadar air benih kopi pada perlakuan konsentrasi hormon giberellin (GA3) dan lama perendaman. AGROPLASMA, 9(2), 245–253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36987/agroplasma.v9i2.3222

Syaiful, S. A., Haring, F., Syawlia, R. R., Padjung, R., Mantja, K., & Farid, M. (2021). Improvement on the quality of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings through seed immersion in Supergib solution. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 807(4). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/807/4/042051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/807/4/042051

Timotiwu, P. B., Nurmauli, N., & Khairunnisa, F. H. (2022). Studi mengenai viabilitas dan vigor benih kedelai baru dan lama. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 10(4), 541. https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v10i4.6450 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v10i4.6450

Triyani, E., Hardiyati, T., Samiyarsih, S., & Artikel, R. J. (2021a). Karakter agronomi padi hitam (Oryza sativa L.) kultivar pekalongan dengan penambahan paklobutrazol dan GA3. Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed, 3(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2021.3.2.4240

Upretee, P., Bandara, M. S., & Tanino, K. K. (2024). The role of seed characteristics on water uptake preceding germination. Seeds, 3(4), 559–574. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3040038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3040038

Valenzuela Romero, M., Hernández Verdugo, S., Pacheco-Olvera, A., Osuna-Rodríguez, J. M., López-Orona, C. A., & Osuna-Enciso, T. (2026). Variation among populations and effect of gibberellic acid in the germination of wild pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) from Nortwestern Mexico. Agro Productividad, 19(3), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.32854/148f8f34 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32854/148f8f34

Vazilla, D., Nura, & Halimursyadda. (2023). Pengaruh iradiasi sinar gamma terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih serta performansi pada fase vegetatif tanaman cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) lokal aceh. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian, 8(2), 119–6. www.jim.unsyiah.ac.id/JFP

Zhang, J., Zhou, T., Zhang, C., Zheng, W., Li, J., Jiang, W., Xiao, C., Wei, D., Yang, C., Xu, R., Gong, A., & Bi, Y. (2021). Gibberellin disturbs the balance of endogenesis hormones and inhibits adventitious root development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla through regulating gene expression related to hormone synthesis. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(1), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.022

Downloads

Published

2026-10-15

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): Perbal: Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 M Darmawan

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:

  • They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
  • The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
  • That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
  • That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
  • They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
  • They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.

License and Copyright Agreement

Authors who publish with Onoma Journal: Education, Languages??, and Literature agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.