Aplikasi Eco Enzyme dan Beauveria bassiana untuk Pengendalian Hama Spodoptera exigua dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Produktivitas Bawang Merah Varietas Ketamonca Bima

Application of Eco Enzyme and Beauveria bassiana for the Control of Spodoptera exigua Pests and Its Impact on the Productivity of Allium cepa Var. Ketamonca Bima

Authors

  • Rosalita Rosalita Universitas Mbojo Bima
  • M. Inas Riandi Universitas Mbojo Bima

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30605/ayyqnk95

Keywords:

Allium ascalonicum, Beauveria bassiana, biopestisida, eco enzymee, bawang merah, Spodoptera exigua

Abstract

Bawang merah Allium ascalonicum merupakan komoditas hortikultura bernilai tinggi di Indonesia. Tingkat konsumsinya terus meningkat seiring pertumbuhan populasi, sehingga mendorong upaya pemerintah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas di sentra produksi seperti Kabupaten Bima. Varietas Ketamonca adalah kultivar lokal unggulan, namun produktivitasnya berfluktuasi setiap tahun akibat berbagai faktor, terutama serangan hama ulat bawang Spodoptera exigua. Pengendalian hama secara intensif masih bergantung pada insektisida sintetis, yang dapat memicu resistensi, menurunkan kesuburan tanah, dan mengganggu keamanan pangan. Salah satu alternatifnya adalah penggunaan eco enzymee yang dikombinasikan dengan jamur entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana, yang dikenal luas memiliki spektrum patogenisitas serangga yang luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas kombinasi eco enzymee dan B. bassiana terhadap S. exigua serta dampaknya terhadap hasil panen bawang merah Ketamonca. Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial digunakan dengan dua faktor: kombinasi perlakuan (K0=kontrol, K1=10 g/L B. bassiana + 4 mL/L eco enzymee, K2=12 g/L B. bassiana, K3= 15 g B. bassiana/L air) dan interval aplikasi (W1=5 hari, W2=8 hari). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan K3 (15 g B. bassiana/L air) dengan interval aplikasi 5 hari menghasilkan tingkat kematian larva tertinggi (90,1%) dan hasil panen umbi terbesar (18,1 ton/ha), sementara perlakuan K1W1 juga menunjukkan efektivitas yang baik (tingkat kematian 84,2%; hasil 17,3 ton/ha). Secara keseluruhan, interval aplikasi 5 hari lebih efektif dibandingkan jadwal 8 hari. Temuan ini menyoroti potensi kombinasi eco enzymee dan B. bassiana sebagai strategi pengendalian hayati ramah lingkungan untuk menekan populasi.

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum) is a high-value horticultural crop in Indonesia. Consumption has steadily increased in line with population growth, prompting government efforts to improve productivity in production centers such as Bima Regency. The Ketamonca variety is a flagship local cultivar, yet its productivity fluctuates annually due to multiple factors, particularly infestation by the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua). Intensive pest management still relies on synthetic insecticides, which can trigger resistance, reduce soil fertility, and compromise food safety. An alternative is the use of eco enzyme combined with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, widely recognized for its broad-spectrum insect pathogenicity.] This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of eco enzyme and B. bassiana combinations against S. exigua and their impact on Ketamonca shallot yield. A factorial randomized block design was used with two factors: treatment combinations (K0=control, K1=10 g/L B. bassiana + 4 mL/L eco enzyme, K2=12 g/L B. bassiana, K3=15 g/L B. bassiana/L) and application intervals (W1=5 days, W2=8 days). Results showed that K3 (15 gr B. bassiana/L) applied every 5 days produced the highest larval mortality (90.1%) and the greatest bulb yield (18.1 t/ha), while K1W1 also performed effectively (84.2% mortality; 17.3 t/ha). Overall, the 5-day interval was more effective than the 8-day schedule. These findings highlight the potential of eco enzyme combined with B. bassiana as an eco-friendly biological control strategy to suppress S. exigua while simultaneously enhancing local shallot productivity.

 

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Published

2026-10-15

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Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): Perbal: Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan

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