Aplikasi Bakteri Fotosintesis dan Mikoriza Terhadap Produksi Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

The Application of Photosynthetic Bacteria and Mycorrhiza on the Production of Gustav Variety Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Authors

  • Muh. Dzulkifly Ashan Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan
  • Kafrawi Kafrawi Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan
  • Zahraeni Kumalawati Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan
  • Hidayati Nurkhasanah Badan Perakitan dan Modernisasi Pertanian Tanaman Serealia
  • Irfan Irfan Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan
  • Ikbal Ikbal Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30605/pnpwj014

Keywords:

bakteri fotosintesis, mikoriza, tomat, pertumbuhan, produksi, interaksi

Abstract

Aktivitas pertanian saat ini mengedepankan pemanfaatan mikroorganisme lokal untuk membantu pertumbuhan tanaman melalui peningkatan ketersediaan unsur hara. Mikoriza dan bakteri fotosintesis berpotensi meningkatkan hasil fotosintat, namun informasi mengenai aplikasi kombinasi keduanya pada tanaman tomat masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian mikoriza dan bakteri fotosintesis secara tunggal maupun kombinasi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah petak terpisah dengan petak utama berupa dosis bakteri fotosintesis (D0=0 mL/L, D1=10 mL/L, D2=20 mL/L) dan anak petak berupa dosis mikoriza (M0=0 g, M1=12 g, M2=24 g, M3=36 g per tanaman). Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, waktu berbuah, jumlah buah, bobot buah per tanaman, diameter buah, luas buah, dan volume akar. Hasil menunjukkan interaksi nyata pada sebagian besar parameter kecuali jumlah daun dan diameter batang yang hanya dipengaruhi faktor tunggal. Kombinasi D2M1 menghasilkan tinggi tanaman tertinggi (164,3 cm) dan waktu berbuah tercepat (43 hari). Bobot buah tertinggi (31,95 g) dan luas buah terbesar (17,15 mm²) diperoleh pada kombinasi D1M3, sedangkan jumlah buah terbanyak (15,33 buah) dicapai D1M2 namun dengan bobot buah terendah (18,43 g) akibat kompetisi karbon. Diameter buah terbaik diperoleh dari mikoriza tunggal M1 atau M3 tanpa bakteri fotosintesis. Volume akar tertinggi (34,33 m³) dicapai D0M3. Rekomendasi utama budidaya tomat untuk bobot buah maksimal adalah D1M3 (bakteri fotosintesis 10 mL/L + mikoriza 36 g/tanaman); untuk panen cepat dapat digunakan D2M1; serta hindari D1M2 karena berpotensi adanya efek antagonis.

Current agricultural activities prioritize the utilization of local microorganisms to support plant growth by enhancing nutrient availability. Mycorrhiza and photosynthetic bacteria have the potential to increase photosynthate yield; however, information regarding the combined application of both on tomato plants remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the effects of mycorrhiza and photosynthetic bacteria, applied singly or in combination, on the growth and production of tomato plants. A split-plot design was employed, with the main plot consisting of photosynthetic bacteria doses (D0 = 0 mL/L, D1 = 10 mL/L, D2 = 20 mL/L) and the subplot consisting of mycorrhiza doses (M0 = 0 g, M1 = 12 g, M2 = 24 g, M3 = 36 g per plant). The parameters observed included plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, fruiting time, fruit number, fruit weight per plant, fruit diameter, fruit area, and root volume. The results showed significant interactions in most parameters, except for leaf number and stem diameter, which were affected only by single factors. The D2M1 combination produced the highest plant height (164.3 cm) and the earliest fruiting time (43 days). The highest fruit weight (31.95 g) and largest fruit area (17.15 mm²) were obtained from the D1M3 combination, while the highest fruit number (15.33 fruits) was achieved by D1M2, but with the lowest fruit weight (18.43 g) due to carbon competition. The best fruit diameter was obtained from mycorrhiza alone (M1 or M3) without photosynthetic bacteria. The highest root volume (34.33 m³) was achieved by D0M3. The primary recommendation for maximizing fruit weight in tomato cultivation is D1M3 (10 mL/L photosynthetic bacteria + 36 g/plant mycorrhiza). For early harvest, D2M1 can be used; however, D1M2 should be avoided due to its potential antagonistic effect.

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Published

2026-07-15

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Perbal: Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan

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Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Muh. Dzulkifly Ashan, Kafrawi Kafrawi, Zahraeni Kumalawati, Hidayati Nurkhasanah, Irfan Irfan, Ikbal Ikbal

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