Analisis Fase Mitosis dan Kromosom Meristem Akar Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) Berdasarkan Waktu Fiksasi

Analysis of Mitotic Phases and Chromosomes in Root Meristems of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) Based on Fixation Time

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30605/f809aw64

Keywords:

Capsicum, squash, mitosis, kromosom, waktu fiksasi

Abstract

Cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) merupakan komoditas hortikultura strategis yang memerlukan pengembangan genetik berkelanjutan, namun kemajuan pemuliaannya sering kali terhambat oleh kendala teknis dalam analisis sitogenetika. Standardisasi protokol sitologi, khususnya waktu fiksasi, sangat krusial untuk mengatasi masalah ukuran kromosom yang kecil dan ritme pembelahan sel yang fluktuatif pada genus Capsicum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik fase mitosis dan visualisasi kromosom meristem akar cabai rawit berdasarkan variasi waktu fiksasi. Menggunakan metode preparasi squash, sampel akar kecambah berumur 8 hari difiksasi pada interval pukul 09.00 hingga 12.00, dimaserasi dengan HCl 1M, dan diwarnai menggunakan aseto-orcein. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh fase pembelahan sel (interfase hingga telofase) dapat diidentifikasi, namun kualitas visualisasinya sangat bergantung pada presisi waktu pengambilan sampel. Analisis dinamika seluler mengungkapkan bahwa puncak aktivitas mitosis (mitotic peak) dengan akumulasi fase metafase tertinggi serta penyebaran kromosom yang paling jelas tercapai secara konsisten pada waktu fiksasi pukul 11.00 hingga 11.30. Sebaliknya, populasi sel pada pukul 09.00–10.30 masih didominasi oleh fase interfase. Temuan ini menetapkan standar teknis baru dalam optimasi analisis sitologi C. frutescens, yang esensial bagi keberhasilan analisis kariotipe, evaluasi ploidi, dan program rekayasa kromosom di masa depan.

Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a strategic horticultural crop that requires continuous genetic improvement; however, breeding progress is often hindered by technical constraints in cytogenetic analysis. Standardizing cytological protocols, particularly fixation timing, is crucial for addressing the challenges of small chromosome size and fluctuating cell division rhythms inherent in the Capsicum genus. This study aimed to analyze the mitotic phase characteristics and chromosome visualization in C. frutescens root meristems across varying fixation intervals. Using the squash preparation method, root tips from 8-day-old seedlings were fixed between 09:00 and 12:00 WIB, macerated in 1M HCl, and stained with aceto-orcein. The results demonstrated that although all cell cycle phases could be identified, the visualization quality was strictly dependent on the sampling precision. Cellular dynamics analysis revealed that the mitotic peak, characterized by the highest metaphase accumulation and optimal chromosome spread, was consistently achieved at a fixation window of 11:00–11:30 WIB. In contrast, the cell populations sampled between 09:00 and 10:30 were predominantly in interphase. These findings establish a definitive technical baseline for optimizing C. frutescens cytological analysis, serving as an essential prerequisite for accurate karyotyping, ploidy evaluation, and future chromosome engineering.

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Published

2026-07-15

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Perbal: Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan

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Copyright (c) 2026 Hafizhah Al-Amanah, Andi Muliarni Okasa, Siti Halimah Larekeng, Devi Armita

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