PENERAPAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION BERBANTUAN MEDIA MANIPULATIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI MATEMATIS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/apy2yp52
mathematical literacy, realistic mathematics education, manipulative media, elementary school, PISA
Abstract
Literasi matematis merupakan kompetensi fundamental yang menentukan kualitas pembelajaran matematika pada jenjang sekolah dasar. Namun, hasil studi internasional seperti PISA 2022 menunjukkan bahwa capaian literasi matematis siswa Indonesia masih berada di bawah rata-rata negara OECD, yakni pada peringkat 68 dari 81 negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penerapan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) berbantuan media manipulatif dalam meningkatkan literasi matematis siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimen dengan pretest-posttest control group design yang melibatkan 64 siswa kelas V SD di Kabupaten Bogor yang dibagi menjadi kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes literasi matematis berbasis indikator PISA yang mencakup komponen merumuskan, menerapkan, dan menafsirkan matematis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan peningkatan literasi matematis yang signifikan pada kelompok eksperimen dengan nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,65 (kategori sedang-tinggi) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol sebesar 0,29. Uji Mann-Whitney menghasilkan nilai p = 0,001 (p < 0,05) yang mengkonfirmasi perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok. Temuan penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa kontekstualisasi masalah matematika melalui situasi nyata dalam RME berbantuan media manipulatif secara efektif mendorong kemampuan berpikir matematis siswa. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi empiris terhadap penerapan pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) berbantuan media manipulatif dalam pembelajaran matematika sekolah dasar, khususnya dalam upaya meningkatkan literasi matematis siswa.
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