Analisis Durasi Realisasi Langvokale dan Kurzvokale Bahasa Jerman pada Mahasiswa Tingkat A2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/05zm3z98
fonetik akustik, Langvokale, Kurzvokale, durasi vokal, pelafalan bahasa Jerman
Abstract
Pelafalan merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam pembelajaran bahasa Jerman karena berperan dalam keterpahaman ujaran. Salah satu karakteristik fonologis bahasa Jerman adalah adanya kontras antara Langvokale (vokal panjang) dan Kurzvokale (vokal pendek), sedangkan panjang vokal tidak bersifat fonemik dalam bahasa Indonesia. Perbedaan tersebut dapat menjadi tantangan bagi pembelajar bahasa Jerman sebagai bahasa asing. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan durasi realisasi Langvokale dan Kurzvokale pada tuturan mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Jerman tingkat A2. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan analisis kuantitatif sederhana melalui pendekatan fonetik akustik. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 28 mahasiswa yang dipilih menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Data diperoleh melalui pembacaan teks Hallo Wien! dari buku Netzwerk neu A2 dan dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Praat melalui segmentasi pada TextGrid serta pengukuran durasi setiap vokal. Sebanyak 24 kata target dianalisis, yang menghasilkan 672 data realisasi vokal, terdiri atas 336 data Langvokale dan 336 data Kurzvokale. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata durasi Langvokale sebesar 174,47 ms, sedangkan rata-rata durasi Kurzvokale sebesar 159,61 ms. Secara deskriptif, Langvokale memiliki rata-rata durasi yang lebih tinggi daripada Kurzvokale, tetapi ditemukan variasi durasi pada setiap jenis vokal dan tumpang tindih rentang durasi antarkategori. Temuan ini memberikan gambaran empiris mengenai karakteristik durasi vokal pada pembelajar bahasa Jerman tingkat A2 berdasarkan pengukuran akustik.
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