Correction and Retraction
1. General principles
Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa dan Sastra is committed to maintaining the accuracy, reliability, and integrity of the scholarly record. When concerns arise about a published article, the journal will assess the available evidence and take proportionate editorial action, which may include a correction, an expression of concern, or a retraction.
These actions are intended to inform readers and correct the scholarly record, rather than to punish authors. Editorial decisions will be guided by the nature and seriousness of the issue, its effect on the reliability of the article, and relevant guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
This policy applies to all published articles, including articles made available online before assignment to a volume or issue. Withdrawal of unpublished manuscripts is addressed separately in the journal’s Manuscript Withdrawal Policy.
2. Corrections
A correction will be considered when an error affects the accuracy, interpretation, attribution, or completeness of a published article but does not invalidate its overall findings or conclusions. Corrections may address errors introduced by the authors or during editorial production.
Examples of issues that may require a correction include:
- Errors in tables, figures, calculations, or text that can be corrected without undermining the article’s overall reliability.
- Incorrect or incomplete author names, affiliations, or other bibliographic information.
- Missing or inaccurate funding statements, acknowledgements, or declarations of competing interests, where correction is an adequate response.
- Omitted information that is necessary for an accurate understanding of the article.
Changes to authorship require an explanation and appropriate confirmation from the affected authors. Unresolved authorship disputes may be referred to the relevant institution, as the journal is not responsible for adjudicating such disputes.
Substantive corrections will be published as dated notices that identify the affected article, explain the error, and describe the correction. Notices will be freely accessible and linked to the original article. Where article files are updated, the changes and version history will be made transparent.
Minor typographical or formatting changes that do not affect meaning, attribution, or interpretation may be handled as technical updates. They must not be used to make undisclosed substantive changes to the published record.
3. Retractions
Retraction will be considered when there is clear evidence of a serious problem that makes the article’s findings unreliable or substantially compromises the integrity of its publication. Unreliability may result from an honest error or from misconduct.
Grounds for considering retraction include:
- Major errors in data, methods, or analysis that invalidate the principal findings or conclusions.
- Fabrication, falsification, or other manipulation of data or research materials that makes the findings unreliable.
- Substantial plagiarism or unauthorized use of material requiring retraction rather than correction.
- Redundant publication without appropriate disclosure, justification, or acknowledgement of the earlier work.
- Serious violations of research ethics, including applicable requirements for ethical approval or informed consent.
- Manipulation or compromise of the peer-review or publication process that undermines confidence in the article.
- A major undisclosed competing interest that substantially compromises the interpretation of the work or the editorial assessment of the article.
Retraction is not normally appropriate for a minor error that can be adequately addressed through a correction, or for an authorship dispute where the article’s findings remain reliable. Each case will be assessed on its own evidence and circumstances.
4. Expressions of concern
An expression of concern may be issued when credible concerns exist about an article, but the available evidence is insufficient for a final decision, an investigation is ongoing, or a timely and reliable investigation cannot be obtained.
The notice will explain the nature of the concern without presenting unverified allegations as established facts. It will be freely accessible and linked to the affected article.
An expression of concern is an interim measure and does not constitute a finding of misconduct. When sufficient information becomes available, the journal will publish an appropriate follow-up notice explaining the outcome.
5. Reporting concerns
Authors, readers, reviewers, and other parties may report suspected errors or publication ethics concerns to the journal’s official email addres: onomapbsi@gmail.com
Reports should include, where available:
- The article title, author names, DOI, or article URL.
- A clear description of the suspected error or concern.
- Relevant evidence, references, or supporting documents.
- Contact information for follow-up, if the reporting party is willing to provide it.
Reports will be assessed on their evidence and relevance, regardless of the identity of the reporting party. Anonymous reports may be considered when they provide sufficiently specific and credible information.
6. Assessment and editorial decisions
The Editor-in-Chief, or an independent editor where a conflict of interest exists, will oversee the assessment. The journal may request explanations, original data, supporting records, or other relevant information from the authors.
Authors will normally be given an opportunity to respond. Where necessary, the journal may consult independent experts or contact the relevant institution, research ethics body, funder, or publisher. Confidential information will be shared only where appropriate for handling the case.
Editorial action will be based on the evidence available and the need to protect the scholarly record. An author’s failure to respond or disagreement with the decision does not prevent the journal from issuing a justified notice.
Cases will be handled as promptly as practicable. Where an investigation is prolonged and readers need to be alerted, the journal may publish an expression of concern pending the final outcome.
7. Content of retraction notices
A retraction notice will be clearly identified as a retraction and will include:
- The title, author names, and bibliographic details or DOI of the affected article.
- The party issuing the retraction, such as the editor, publisher, or authors.
- A clear, factual explanation of the reasons for retraction.
- The date of the notice.
- The authors’ position on the retraction, where known and relevant.
Notices will distinguish established findings from unresolved concerns and, where supported by the evidence, distinguish honest error from misconduct. The wording will be objective and will avoid unnecessary personal accusations.
8. Article availability, metadata, and preservation
Retracted articles will normally remain accessible as part of the scholarly record. The article landing page and downloadable files will be clearly marked as retracted and linked to the retraction notice. Retraction does not normally involve deleting the original article.
Corrections, expressions of concern, and retraction notices will be freely accessible. The journal will update relevant metadata and, where supported by the applicable services, notify DOI registration, indexing, and preservation providers of the article’s status.
The original article’s DOI will remain associated with its publication record. Notices will receive their own persistent identifiers where supported by the journal’s publishing arrangements and will be linked to the affected article.
In exceptional circumstances involving legal obligations, serious privacy violations, or substantial safety risks, access to content may be restricted or content may be removed following an appropriate assessment. Where legally permissible, a pu
