Kajian Learning Obstacle dalam Pembelajaran Ḥarf Al-Jarr di Madrasah Aliyah
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/vm7qze33
Didactical Design Research, Ḥarf al-jarr, Learning Obstacle, Madrasah Aliyah
Abstract
Penelitian ini berfokus pada pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Madrasah Aliyah dengan kajian khusus terhadap materi ḥarf al-jarr. Permasalahan utama yang ditemukan adalah kesulitan siswa dalam memahami ḥarf al-jarr yang termasuk ke dalam propositional knowledge yang menuntut justifikasi dan pemahaman bertingkat. Kesulitan tersebut muncul karena siswa belum sepenuhnya menguasai konsep isim dan i‘rāb yang menjadi prasyarat dalam memahami materi ḥarf al-jarr. Kondisi ini menunjukkan adanya learning obstacle yang meliputi hambatan epistemologis, ontogenik, dan didaktik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bentuk-bentuk learning obstacle siswa pada materi ḥarf al-jarr serta mengidentifikasi situasi didaktisnya. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penerapan Didactical Design Research (DDR) dalam konteks pembelajaran bahasa Arab, yang selama ini lebih banyak digunakan pada bidang lain. Metode yang digunakan adalah paradigma interpretatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, melibatkan siswa kelas XI F-3 yang berjumlah 16 orang, dan guru bahasa Arab yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes diagnostik dan wawancara mendalam, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model Miles dkk. (2014) yang meliputi kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami hambatan ontogenik berupa rendahnya kepercayaan diri, keterbatasan penguasaan pengetahuan prasyarat, dan perbedaan pengalaman belajar sebelumnya; hambatan epistemologis berupa kekeliruan dalam memahami tanda i‘rāb, kosa kata di dalam soal, dan memahami terjemah dari ḥarf al-jarr; serta hambatan didaktik yang berkaitan dengan penyajian materi yang belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan kesiapan awal siswa.
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