ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA SMP DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL SPLDV BERDASARKAN TEORI NEWMAN
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/3v5s7y35
analisis kesalahan, teori newman; soal cerita; aljabar
Abstract
Kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV) masih sering ditemukan di jenjang SMP, sedangkan profil kesalahan siswa SMP IT Al-Amin belum terdokumentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan kesalahan siswa kelas VIII dalam menyelesaikan soal SPLDV berdasarkan tiga tahap analisis kesalahan Newman, yaitu pemahaman, transformasi, dan keterampilan proses. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini melibatkan 20 siswa kelas VIII SMP IT Al-Amin, Cianjur. Data diperoleh dari tes tertulis tiga soal uraian, kemudian jawaban siswa diklasifikasikan berdasarkan indikator kesalahan dan jumlah siswa pada setiap indikator dihitung. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata 85% siswa melakukan kesalahan transformasi dan keterampilan proses, sedangkan 70% melakukan kesalahan pemahaman. Pada soal 1, seluruh siswa keliru mentransformasikan informasi ke model matematika meskipun hanya 55% yang keliru memahami soal. Pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa siswa menangkap informasi secara parsial, menggunakan strategi tebak-coba tanpa memeriksa ulang hasil, dan mengoperasikan angka tanpa kendali makna. Dengan demikian, hambatan utama siswa terletak pada representasi aljabar dan pengendalian prosedur, bukan pada keterampilan hitung semata. Pembelajaran SPLDV perlu melatih siswa menuliskan informasi, menyusun persamaan, memilih metode penyelesaian, dan memverifikasi hasil.
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