PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GEOMETRI KARAWO DULOHUPA (GEOKADU) BERBASIS ETNOMATEMATIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN VISUALISASI SPASIAL MURID SEKOLAH DASAR
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/c1zey655
GEOKADU, etnomatematika, geometri, visualisasi spasial, sekolah dasar
Abstract
Pembelajaran geometri di sekolah dasar memerlukan kegiatan yang membantu murid menghubungkan bentuk, pola, posisi dan transformasi dengan objek yang dekat dengan kehidupan mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan Model GEOKADU berbasis etnomatematika yang valid, praktis dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan visualisasi spasial murid kelas IV SD. Penelitian menggunakan Design-Based Research (DBR) yang dilanjutkan dengan kuasi eksperimen berdesain nonequivalent control group. Tahap formatif melibatkan 16 murid SDN 79 Kota Tengah. Pengujian komparatif di SDN 90 Sipatana mencakup 16 murid kelas eksperimen dan 15 murid kelas kontrol. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket validasi, observasi keterlaksanaan, angket respons dan tes visualisasi spasial. Persentase keseluruhan hasil validasi terhadap sepuluh komponen sebesar 94,21% (504 dari 535 poin), dengan kategori sangat layak. Pada uji coba, keterlaksanaan meningkat dari 73,33% menjadi 83,33%, lalu tercatat 90,00% dan 95,00% pada kelas eksperimen. Respons guru dan murid pada tahap eksperimen masing-masing mencapai 93,33% dan 91,88%. Di kelas eksperimen, skor rerata meningkat dari 54,38 menjadi 86,09 (N-gain 0,704); di kelas kontrol, skor rerata meningkat dari 55,33 menjadi 70,17 (N-gain 0,339). Setelah pretest dikontrol, ANCOVA menghasilkan selisih posttest setelah penyesuaian sebesar 16,93 poin. Pengaruh kelompok tercatat F(1,28) = 55,41 dengan p < 0,001 dan ukuran efek besar. Temuan pada sampel ini mendukung penggunaan GEOKADU dan memperlihatkan keunggulan capaian spasial dibanding kondisi pembanding.
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