INTEGRASI PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING DAN PROBLEM POSING DALAM PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA: SEBUAH TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/wphvvm67
Problem-Based Learning; Problem Posing; pemecahan masalah; berpikir kritis; konstruktivisme
Abstract
Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis berbagai penelitian terkait integrasi Problem-Based Learning (PBL) dan Problem Posing dalam pembelajaran matematika. Fokus kajian diarahkan pada kontribusi kedua pendekatan tersebut terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah, berpikir kritis, pemahaman konseptual, dan keterlibatan aktif siswa dalam kerangka teori konstruktivisme. Pemilihan literatur dilakukan secara sistematis terhadap studi empiris yang relevan dengan pembelajaran matematika berpusat pada siswa. Setelah melalui proses perluasan kueri, penyaringan, dan penelusuran rujukan, sebanyak 50 artikel dengan tingkat relevansi tertinggi dianalisis secara tematik dan komparatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi PBL dan Problem Posing berkontribusi positif terhadap pengembangan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis dan pemahaman konseptual siswa. Pendekatan ini juga mendukung pengembangan berpikir kritis melalui aktivitas konstruksi pengetahuan, diskusi, kolaborasi, dan refleksi. Selain itu, penerapan kedua pendekatan tersebut dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan dan motivasi belajar siswa, terutama ketika pembelajaran dirancang secara kontekstual dan partisipatif. Namun, kajian ini juga mengidentifikasi sejumlah tantangan implementasi, seperti perbedaan ketepatan penerapan, beban kognitif siswa, kesiapan guru, keterbatasan waktu, serta kondisi kelas yang beragam. Dengan demikian, integrasi PBL dan Problem Posing dapat dipandang sebagai pendekatan pedagogis yang relevan untuk mendukung pembelajaran matematika yang aktif, bermakna, dan berpusat pada siswa. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi bagi guru dan pengembang kurikulum dalam merancang pembelajaran matematika yang lebih reflektif, kontekstual, dan berorientasi pada penguatan kompetensi abad ke-21.
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