PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBASIS STEAM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN MATEMATIS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/haz8h318
STEAM, pemahaman matematis, sekolah dasar, kuasi-eksperimen, literasi matematika
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pendekatan pembelajaran matematika berbasis STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) terhadap peningkatan pemahaman matematis siswa sekolah dasar. Rendahnya pemahaman matematis siswa SD Indonesia yang tercermin dari hasil PISA 2022 dan Asesmen Nasional 2023 menjadi latar belakang utama penelitian ini. Pendekatan STEAM dipilih karena kemampuannya mengintegrasikan berbagai disiplin ilmu dalam pengalaman belajar yang holistik, autentik, dan bermakna. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimen dengan rancangan pretest-posttest control group design yang melibatkan 60 siswa kelas V SDN Gayam Cianjur, yang terbagi dalam kelompok eksperimen (n=30) dan kelompok kontrol (n=30). Instrumen penelitian berupa tes pemahaman matematis berjenjang yang dikembangkan berdasarkan tujuh indikator kemampuan pemahaman konsep. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji independent sample t-test dan uji effect size Cohen's d. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh signifikan pembelajaran berbasis STEAM terhadap pemahaman matematis siswa SD (t=7,14; p<0,001; d=1,31), dengan kategori efek sangat besar. Nilai N-Gain kelompok eksperimen (0,72) secara substantif lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (0,33). Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pengembangan dan pengujian empiris model STEAM yang dirancang khusus untuk konteks kurikulum matematika SD dengan integrasi konteks kehidupan nyata. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pendekatan STEAM merupakan alternatif pembelajaran matematika yang terbukti efektif dan relevan untuk jenjang SD.
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