IMPLEMENTASI TAHAP LOOKING BACK MENURUT POLYA DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/2gk96t94
looking back, pemecahan masalah, Polya, metakognisi, systematic literature review.
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara sistematis peran tahap looking back dalam pemecahan masalah matematika siswa, meliputi karakteristik penelitian, bentuk pelaksanaan tahap looking back, serta kendala yang dihadapi siswa dalam melaksanakannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengkaji 14 publikasi ilmiah yang terbit pada rentang tahun 2021–2026 dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi, seperti relevansi topik, kredibilitas sumber, serta akses terbuka. Proses analisis dilakukan melalui tahapan identifikasi, penyaringan, evaluasi kelayakan, dan inklusi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penelitian tentang tahap looking back masih terbatas dan umumnya terintegrasi dalam kajian metakognisi atau tahapan pemecahan masalah Polya. Tahap looking back dilakukan melalui aktivitas memeriksa kembali langkah penyelesaian, mengevaluasi strategi, serta memastikan kebenaran hasil. Kemampuan siswa dalam melakukan tahap ini bervariasi, di mana siswa berkemampuan tinggi mampu melakukan evaluasi secara menyeluruh, sedangkan siswa berkemampuan rendah cenderung tidak melakukan evaluasi. Kendala utama yang ditemukan meliputi rendahnya kemampuan metakognitif, kurangnya kebiasaan refleksi, serta kesalahan konseptual dan prosedural dalam penyelesaian masalah. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya penguatan kemampuan metakognitif dan pembiasaan refleksi dalam pembelajaran matematika untuk meningkatkan kualitas pemecahan masalah siswa, khususnya dalam tahap evaluasi solusi (looking back).
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