ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN ADAPTIF MATEMATIS SISWA SMP DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL SPLDV MELALUI TAHAPAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH POLYA
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/mh18yy65
Penalaran Adaptif Matematis, Pemecahan Masalah Polya
Abstract
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di salah satu SMP di Kota Pekanbaru dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan penalaran adaptif matematis siswa pada materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV) melalui tahapan pemecahan masalah menurut Polya. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif, dengan menganalisis jawaban siswa berdasarkan empat tahap Polya, yaitu memahami masalah, merencanakan penyelesaian, melaksanakan rencana, dan memeriksa kembali. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 19 siswa kelas IX, dengan pelaksanaan penelitian pada tanggal 6 November 2025. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa dua soal uraian yang dirancang untuk mengukur empat indikator penalaran adaptif matematis, yaitu kemampuan mengajukan dugaan atau konjektur, menemukan pola matematis, memberikan alasan atau bukti, serta memeriksa kebenaran suatu argumen. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa indikator mengajukan dugaan atau konjektur memperoleh persentase tertinggi sebesar 81,5%, diikuti oleh indikator memberikan alasan atau bukti matematis sebesar 56,58%. Sementara itu, indikator menemukan pola pada suatu gejala matematis mencapai 39,47%, dan indikator memeriksa kesahihan argumen memiliki persentase terendah sebesar 28,95%. Berdasarkan tahapan pemecahan masalah Polya, sebagian besar siswa telah mampu memahami permasalahan dan menyusun rencana penyelesaian, namun masih mengalami kendala pada tahap pelaksanaan rencana serta tahap pemeriksaan kembali hasil yang diperoleh.
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