KONSORSIUM MIKROBA LINTAS KINGDOM DALAM BIOREMEDIASI LIMBAH CAIR DENGAN PENDEKATAN INTEGRATIF OMIK DAN EKOLOGI SINTETIS: SUATU LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/biogenerasi.v10i4.7455Keywords:
Cross-kingdom consortia, omics, synthetic ecologyAbstract
Wastewater bioremediation demonstrates substantially improved performance when employing cross-kingdom microbial consortia, as bacteria, fungi, and microalgae complement one another in carrying out successive stages of organic and persistent pollutant degradation. This review summarizes current findings on the functional mechanisms of such consortia, including metabolic division of labor, metabolite exchange, enzymatic complementarity, and the role of biofilms in maintaining community stability. The literature indicates that cross-kingdom systems are highly effective in removing pollutants such as hydrocarbons, synthetic dyes, pharmaceuticals, nutrients, and microplastics. The integration of omics approaches provides a clearer understanding of the genes, metabolic pathways, and cellular activities involved in degradation processes. Synthetic ecology contributes to strengthening consortium design through spatial arrangement, directed functional roles, and controlled interspecies interactions. Overall, cross-kingdom microbial consortia supported by omics analyses and synthetic ecological concepts offer a solid foundation for developing more efficient and sustainable. wastewater bioremediation systems.
Downloads
References
Abate, R., Oon, Y.-S., Oon, Y.-L., & Bi, Y. (2024). Heliyon Microalgae-bacteria nexus for environmental remediation and renewable energy resources : Advances , mechanisms and biotechnological applications. Heliyon, 10, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31170
Arikan, M., & Muth, T. (2023). Integrated Multi-Omics Analyses of Microbial Communities: a Review of the Current State and Future Directions. Molecular Omics, 19(8), 607–623. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3mo00089c
Cai, Z., Karunkaran, E., & Pandhal, J. (2024). Bottom-up construction and screening of algae-bacteria consortia for pollutant biodegradation. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1349016
Cao, Z., Yan, W., Ding, M., & Yuan, Y. (2022). Construction of microbial consortia for microbial degradation of complex compounds. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 10, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1051233
Che, S., & Men, Y. (2019). Synthetic microbial consortia for biosynthesis and biodegradation : promises and challenges. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 46(9), 1343–1358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-019-02211-4
Chen, L., Tang, T., Li, D., Wang, Z., Wu, S., & Liu, Y. (2025). Characterization of microbial consortium for rice straw degradation and the role of nitrogen sources in community assembly. Chemical Engineering Journal, 520(July), 166199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.166199
Chen, M., Tian, S., He, T., Qin, L., Liu, H., & Qifeng, W. (2025). Microbial consortium composed of efficient denitrifying strains and bacterial groups from toilet water for enhancing blackwater treatment. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 13(5), 117676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.117676
Chen, Y. C., Destouches, L., Cook, A., & Fedor, A. J. H. (2024). Synthetic microbial ecology : engineering habitats for modular consortia. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 135(7), 1–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxae158
Dai, C., & Wang, F. (2024). Bioresource Technology Potential applications of microalgae – bacteria consortia in wastewater treatment and biorefinery. Bioresource Technology, 393, 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130019
Deep, A., Sieber, G., Boden, L., David, G. M., Baikova, D., Buchner, D., Starke, J., Stach, T. L., Reinders, T., Hadziomerovic, U., Beszteri, S., Probst, A. J., Boenigk, J., & Beisser, D. (2025). A metatranscriptomic exploration of fungal and bacterial contributions to allochthonous leaf litter decomposition in the streambed. Bioinformatics and Genomics, 13, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19120
Dell’Anno, F., Rastelli, E., Sansone, C., Brunet, C., Ianora, A., & Anno, A. D. (2021). Bacteria , Fungi and Microalgae for the Bioremediation of Marine Sediments Contaminated by Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Omics Era. Microorganisms Review, 9(8), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081695
Efremenko, E., Stepanov, N., Senko, O., Aslanli, A., Maslova, O., & Lyagin, I. (2024). Using Fungi in Artificial Microbial Consortia to Solve Bioremediation Problems. Microorganisms, 12(3), 1–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12030470
Giyahchi, M., & Moghimi, H. (2025). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Sustainable solution for microplastic removal : Sequential biodegradation and detoxification of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics by two natural microbial consortia. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 302(July), 118738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118738
Guandalupe, J. J., Pazmiño-vela, M., Pozo, G., Vernaza, W., Ochoa-herrera, V., Torres, M. de L., & Torres, A. F. (2024). Metagenomic analysis of microbial consortia native to the Amazon , Highlands , and Galapagos regions of Ecuador with potential for wastewater remediation. Environmental Microbiology Reports, 16(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.13272
Herold, M., Arbas, S. M., Narayanasamy, S., Sheik, A. R., Kleine-borgmann, L. A. K., Lebrun, L. A., Kunath, B. J., Roume, H., Bessarab, I., Williams, R. B. H., Gillece, J. D., Schupp, J. M., Keim, P. S., Jäger, C., Hoopmann, M. R., Moritz, R. L., Ye, Y., Li, S., Tang, H., … Wilmes, P. (2020). Integration of Time-Series Meta-Omics Data Reveals How Microbial Ecosystems Respond to Disturbance. Nature Communications, 11, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19006-2
Jiang, W., Wang, S., Gu, F., Yang, X., Qi, Q., & Liang, Q. (2025). Advances in synthetic microbial ecosystems approach for studying ecological interactions and their influencing factors. Engineering Microbiology, 5(2), 100205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engmic.2025.100205
Keneally, C., Chilton, D., Dornan, T. N., Kidd, S. P., Gaget, V., Toomes, A., Lassaline, C., Petrovski, R., Wood, L., & Brookes, J. D. (2025). Multi-Omics Reveal Microbial Succession and Metabolomic Adaptations to Flood in a Hypersaline Coastal Lagoon. Water Research, 280, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123511
Kong, W., Kong, J., Feng, S., Yang, T., Xu, L., Shen, B., & Bi, Y. (2024). Cultivation of microalgae – bacteria consortium by waste gas – waste water to achieve CO 2 fixation , wastewater purification and bioproducts production. Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-023-02409-w
Li, X., Dai, Y., Guan, X., Han, Z., Li, X., Wang, X., Su, Z., Zhang, H., & Xu, M. (2025). Environmental Technology & Innovation Taxonomic structure and functional assembly of the broad-spectrum sulfonylurea herbicide-degrading microbial consortium L1 under different herbicide substrates. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 40, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2025.104446
López-patiño, A. M., Cárdenas-orrego, A., Torres, A. F., Navarrete, D., Champagne, P., & Ochoa-herrera, V. (2024). Native microalgal-bacterial consortia from the Ecuadorian Amazon region : an alternative to domestic wastewater treatment. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 12, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1338547
Lü, H., Wei, J., Tang, G., Chen, Y., Huang, Y., Hu, R., Mo, C., Zhao, H., Xiang, L., Li, Y., Cai, Q., & Li, Q. X. (2024). Microbial consortium degrading of organic pollutants : Source , degradation efficiency , pathway , mechanism and application. Journal of Cleaner Production, 451(December 2023), 141913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141913
Mahajan, M., & Prakash, A. (2025). Bacterial Consortia as potential Bioremediation Wastewater Treatment : A Comprehensive Review Mansi Mahajan and Alka Prakash agents for. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 8(1), 16–33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2025.v08i01.002
Nam, N. N., Do, H. D. K., Trinh, K. T. L., & Lee, N. Y. (2023). Metagenomics : An Effective Approach for Exploring Microbial. Foods, 12(11), 1–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12112140
Nunes, P. S. O., Lacerda-junior, G. V, Mascarin, G. M., Guimar, R. A., Medeiros, F. H. V, Arthurs, S., & Bettiol, W. (2024). Microbial consortia of biological products : Do they have a future ? Biological Control, 188, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105439
Ren, J., Peng, Q., Du, Z., Yang, X., Hui, J., Li, R., & Cheng, W. (2025). Multi-Omics Insights Into Micro-Oxygen-Regulated Microbial Decolorization and Metabolic Pathways During Hydrolysis and Acidification of Textile Wastewater. Journal of Cleaner Production, 527, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146707
Renganathan, P., & Gaysina, L. A. (2025). Next-Generation Wastewater Treatment : Omics and AI-Driven Microbial Strategies for Xenobiotic Bioremediation and Circular Resource Recovery. Processes, 13(10), 1–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103218
Renganathan, P., Gaysina, L. A., Gutiérrez, C. G., Puente, E. O. R., & Sainz-hernández, J. C. (2025). Harnessing Engineered Microbial Consortia for Xenobiotic Bioremediation : Integrating Multi-Omics and AI for Next-Generation Wastewater Treatment. Journal of Xenobiotics, 15(4), 1–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/jox15040133
Rezaei, Z., & Moghimi, H. (2024). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Fungal-bacterial consortia : A promising strategy for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 280(December 2023), 116543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116543
Román, M. S., Arrabal, A., Benitez-Dominguez, B., Quirós-Rodríguez, I., & Diaz-Colunga, J. (2025). Towards synthetic ecology : strategies for the optimization of microbial community functions. Frontiers in Synthetic Biology, 3, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsybi.2025.1532846
Sesay, F., Sesay, R. E. V., Kamara, M., Li, X., & Niu, C. (2025). Biodegradation of pharmaceutical contaminants in wastewater using microbial consortia : Mechanisms , applications , and challenges. Journal of Environmental Management, 384(December 2024), 125564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125564
Sidhu, C., Vikram, S., & Pinnaka, A. K. (2017). Unraveling the Microbial Interactions and Metabolic Potentials in Pre- and Post-treated Sludge from a Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Metagenomic Studies. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01382
Thirumalaivasan, N., & Gnanasekaran, L. (2024). Utilization of fungal and bacterial bioremediation techniques for the treatment of toxic waste and biowaste. Frontiers in Materials, 11, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1416445
Wang, K., Liu, L., Li, H., Sheng, J., Ji, H., Yan, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Z., & Sun, X. (2025). Bioresource Technology Enhanced wastewater treatment using microalgae-bacteria-fungi consortia with brassinolide. Bioresource Technology, 437(June), 133182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133182
Wang, Q., Cui, J., Chen, N., Zhang, X., Ma, Y., & Zhang, K. (2025). Bioresource Technology Effects of bisphenol A on nitrogen removal in sulfur autotrophic denitrification-Anammox microbial consortia : Resilience , biotransformation , and toxicity. Bioresource Technology, 438(June), 133252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133252
Wang, Y., Cheng, H., Wang, P., Fan, R., Luo, L., & Lin, G. (2025). Promotion of growth and biological state of microalgae-bacteria consortia during swine wastewater treatment doped with nano-sized iron. Scientific Reports, 15, 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06352-8
Yang, X., Feng, K., Wang, S., Yuan, M. M., Peng, X., He, Q., Wang, D., Shen, W., Zhao, B., Du, X., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Cao, D., & Liu, W. (2024). Unveiling the deterministic dynamics of microbial meta ‑ metabolism : a multi ‑ omics investigation of anaerobic biodegradation. Microbiome, 12, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-024-01890-1
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 syamsul, Yusminah Hala

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
License and Copyright Agreement
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
.png)
