Eksplorasi Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa SMA pada Materi Trigonometri Berdasarkan Tahapan Polya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/proximal.v9i2.9287Keywords:
Geometri, Pemecahan Masalah Matematis, Tahapan PolyaAbstract
Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis merupakan salah satu kompetensi penting yang perlu dimiliki siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika. Namun, kemampuan tersebut masih menjadi tantangan, terutama pada materi trigonometri yang menuntut pemahaman konsep, pemilihan strategi penyelesaian, dan kemampuan mengevaluasi hasil secara sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa SMA pada materi trigonometri berdasarkan tahapan Polya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas dua siswa SMA yang dipilih secara purposive berdasarkan variasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis dan wawancara semiterstruktur, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa dengan kemampuan tinggi mampu memenuhi seluruh tahapan Polya, yaitu memahami masalah, merencanakan penyelesaian, melaksanakan rencana, dan memeriksa kembali hasil penyelesaian secara sistematis. Sementara itu, siswa dengan kemampuan sedang masih mengalami kendala pada tahap melaksanakan rencana dan terutama pada tahap looking back karena belum melakukan pemeriksaan kembali terhadap hasil penyelesaian secara menyeluruh. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh penguasaan konsep trigonometri, tetapi juga oleh kemampuan reflektif dan metakognitif dalam mengevaluasi proses penyelesaian masalah. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa guru perlu memberikan scaffolding pada tahap memahami masalah, membiasakan siswa memilih strategi penyelesaian yang tepat, serta melatih siswa melakukan tahap looking back agar kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis dapat berkembang secara lebih optimal.
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