Uji Beberapa Ekstrak Tumbuhan Terhadap Hama Kutu Daun pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annum L.)
Test Several Plant Extracts Against Aphid Pests on Chili Plants (Capsicum annum L.)
Abstract
Cabai rawit merupakan salah satu komoditas sayuran yang banyak dibudidayakan petani di indonesia karena memiliki harga jual yang tinggi dan dijadikan sebagai bumbu dengan rasa pedas pada aneka masakan. Salah satu kendala yang kerap ditemukan dilapangan adalah adanya serangan kutu daun pada tanaman cabai sehingga berkurangnya produk tanaman cabai. Kutu daun (Aphis gossypii) dapat menyebabkan kerugian secara langsung yaitu mengisap cairan tanaman. Tanaman yang terserang daunnya menjadi keriput dan terpelintir, dan pertumbuhan tanaman menjadi terhambat (kerdil). Kerusakan pada daun muda yang menyebabkan bentuk daun keriput menghadap ke bawah adalah ciri spesifik gangguan kutu daun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ekstrak tumbuhan terhadap hama kutu daun pada tanaman cabai dan untuk mengetahui ekstrak tumbuhan mana yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap hama kutu daun pada tanaman cabai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari – Maret 2024 di lahan percobaan Desa Abbokongang, Kecamatan Kulo, Kabupaten Sidrap. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). dengan 5 perlakuan, diulang sebanyak 3 kali terdapat 15 unit percobaan, P0 : Tanpa perlakuan (kontrol), P1 :Pemberian ekstrak tembakau sebanyak 40 ml + 100 ml air, P2 :Pemberian ekstrak sereh sebanyak 40 ml + 100 ml air, P3 :Pemberian ekstrak daun jeruk sebanyak 40 ml + 100 ml air, P4 :Pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya sebanyak 40 ml + 100 ml air. Setiap unit percobaan terdiri atas 3 sampel tanaman, sehingga terdapat 45 unit tanaman percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tumbuhan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pengendalian hama kutu daun. Diantara beberapa perlakuan yang digunakan, ekstrak tembakau memiliki persentase mortalitas tertinggi yakni 55,56% dengan intensitas serangan terendah 14,3% kategori ringan.
Cayenne pepper is a vegetable commodity that is widely cultivated by farmers in Indonesia because it has a high selling price and is used as a spice with a spicy taste in various dishes. One of the obstacles that is often found in the field is the attack of aphids on chili plants resulting in a reduction in chili plant products. Aphids (Aphis gossypii.) Can cause direct harm by sucking plant fluids. Plants that are attacked have their leaves wrinkled and twisted, and plant growth becomes stunted (stunted). Damage to young leaves that causes wrinkled leaves to face downwards is a specific characteristic of aphids. This research aims to determine plant extracts against aphid pests on chili plants and to find out which plant extracts have an effect on aphid pests on chili plants. This research was carried out in January 2024 – March 2024 at the experimental land in Abbokongang Village, Kulo District, Sidrap Regency. This research used a randomized block design (RAK). with 5 treatments, repeated 3 times, there were 15 experimental units, P0: No treatment (control), P1: Giving 40 ml of tobacco extract + 100 ml of water, P2: Giving 40 ml of lemongrass extract + 100 ml of water, P3: Giving 40 ml of orange leaf extract + 100 ml of water, P4: Administer 40 ml of papaya leaf extract + 100 ml of water. Each experimental unit consists of 3 plant samples, so there are 45 experimental plant units. The research results showed that plant extracts had a real effect on controlling aphids. Among the several treatments used, tobacco extract had the highest mortality percentage, namely 55.56% with the lowest attack intensity of 14.3% in the mild category.
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