Potensi Tepung Biji Pinang Terhadap Pengendalian Hama Kutu Putih (Phenacoccus manihoti) pada Tanaman Jeruk Lemon
Potential of areca nut flour in controlling mealybug pests (Phenacoccus manihoti) in lemon plant
Abstract
Tanaman jeruk lemon (Citrus limon L.) termasuk ke dalam famili Rutaceae, banyak dibudidayakan di Negara-negara Asia Selatan karena memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Kutu putih (Phenacoccus manihoti) merupakan serangga asli Meksiko/Amerika Tengah. Gejala yang ditimbulkan dari hama ini menyebabkan kerusakan secara langsung dengan mengisap cairan tanaman; kerusakan yang parah dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan tanaman terhambat dan kerontokan buah muda. Embun madu adalah tempat cendawan jelaga tinggal di kotoran yang dikeluarkan kutu. Serangan kutu putih mengganggu pertumbuhan tanaman, menyebabkan bunga dan buah rontok, sesuai fakta di lapangan menunjukkan kerontokan pada buah yang cukup besar dapat berpengaruh terhadap nilai ekonomis. Biji pinang dapat dijadikan bahan baku penggunaan pestisida nabati untuk mengendalikan kutu putih pada tanaman yang diproses menjadi tepung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi tepung biji pinang terhadap kutu putih pada tanaman jeruk lemon dan konsentrasi tepung biji pinang yang tepat digunakan untuk mengendalikan populasi hama kutu putih pada tanaman jeruk lemon. Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Dasar Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang pada bulan November-Januari 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 15 unit pengamatan setiap pengamatan terdiri atas 3 sampel, sehingga terdapat 45 unit pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tepung biji pinang memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata dalam mengendalikan hama kutu putih. Konsentrasi terbaik ekstrak tepung biji pinang adalah 60 g/l air dengan mortalitas 98.83%, 60 g/l air dan 50 g/l air dengan uji repelensi rata-rata hinggap 3-5 ekor kutu putih dan LT50% pada 39.74 jam.
The lemon plant (Citrus limon L.) belongs to the Rutaceae family, is widely cultivated in South Asian countries because it has high economic value. Mealybugs (Phenacoccus manihoti) are insects native to Mexico/Central America. Symptoms caused by this pest cause direct damage by sucking plant fluids; Severe damage can cause stunted plant growth and loss of young fruit. Honeydew is where the sooty fungus lives in the excrement excreted by fleas. Mealybug attacks disrupt plant growth, causing flowers and fruit to fall off, according to facts in the field showing that fruit loss is quite large and can affect economic value. Areca nut seeds can be used as raw material for using botanical pesticides to control mealybugs on plants that are processed into flour. The aim of this research is to determine the potential of areca nut flour against mealybugs on lemon plants and the appropriate concentration of areca seed flour to use to control the population of mealybug pests on lemon plants. This research will be carried out at the Basic Laboratory of the Faculty of Science and Technology, Muhammadiyah University, Sidenreng Rappang in November-January 2024. This research uses a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 5 treatments and 3 replications so that there are 15 observation units, each observation consisting of 3 samples, so there are 45 observation units. The results of the research show that areca nut flour extract has a very real effect in controlling mealybug pests. The best concentration of areca seed flour extract is 60 g/l water with a mortality of 98.83%, 60 g/l water and 50 g/l water with an average repellency test perched on 3-5 mealybugs and LT50% at 39.74 hours.
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