Formulasi Dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Face Spray Gel Ekstrak Etanol KulitMarkisa Ungu (Passiflora Edulis Sims.) Terhadap Propionibacterium Acnes SebelumDan Sesudah Cycling Test
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/pgpr3s80Keywords:
antibacterial activity, cycling test, face spray gel, purple passion fruit peel, Propionibacterium acnesAbstract
Purple passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis Sims.) is commonly discarded as waste, yet it contains secondary metabolites with potential to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, the main bacterium responsible for Acne vulgaris. This study aimed to formulate the ethanolic extract of purple passion fruit peel into a face spray gel, evaluate its physical characteristics and stability, and examine its antibacterial activity before and after a cycling test. The simplicia was characterized for moisture content, drying loss, water- and ethanol-soluble extractive values, total ash, and acid-insoluble ash, followed by maceration extraction with 96% ethanol. The extract was phytochemically screened and formulated into four variants: F0 (base without extract), F1 (10%), F2 (15%), and F3 (20%). Physical evaluation covered organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, viscosity, and spray pattern, followed by stability testing at low, room, and high temperatures, centrifugation, and a seven-cycle cycling test. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc-diffusion method against P. acnes before and after the cycling test. The simplicia met quality requirements with 1.67% moisture content, 9.15% drying loss, 42.33% water-soluble extractive value, 69.31% ethanol-soluble extractive value, 4.04% total ash, and 0.80% acid-insoluble ash. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. All formulas met the requirements for pH, viscosity, adhesiveness, and homogeneity, although the spreadability of F2 and F3 exceeded the required range. Stability testing showed that F0, F1, and F2 were unstable under extreme conditions, whereas F3 remained stable at low and high temperatures, after centrifugation, and after the cycling test. The highest inhibition zone was obtained by F3, at 42.12±6.60 mm before and 15.17±2.35 mm after the cycling test, still exceeding the comparator control (5.23±1.50 mm). One-way ANOVA indicated a highly significant difference among formulas (p=0.000). The ethanolic extract of purple passion fruit peel can be formulated into a face spray gel with antibacterial activity against P. acnes, with F3 showing the best activity and stability despite a marked reduction in inhibition after the cycling test.
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