Perkembangan Sistem Organ Platyhelmintes (Cacing Pipih)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/ye25xe87Keywords:
Adaptation, Evolution, Invertebrates, Organ Systems, PlatyhelminthesAbstract
Platyhelminthes (flatworms) are simple triploblastic animals that represent an important stage in the evolution of organ systems. This article discusses the development, organization, and adaptation of organ systems in major classes of Platyhelminthes, including Turbellaria, Trematoda, and Cestoda. Using a literature review method, the study examines the morphology and physiology of flatworms based on scientific journals and biology references. The results show that although Platyhelminthes lack specialized circulatory and respiratory systems, they possess functional digestive, excretory, nervous, and reproductive systems. Their body organization reflects an early stage of organ system specialization in invertebrates, making them an important model for understanding animal evolution, adaptation, and biological complexity.
References
Apriani, E., Widyastari, N., & Rizaldi, D. R. (2025). Analisis pemahaman konsep dasar biologi peserta didik MA Plus Nurul Islam Sekarbela pada materi jaringan. Action Research Journal, 2(1), 57–65.
Awlia, Z., & Febrianti, N. (2023). Penyusunan e-handout pengayaan materi bioproses sel sebagai bahan ajar biologi siswa SMA kelas XI IPA. Bioilmi: Jurnal Pendidikan, 9(2), 23–34.
Candramila, W., Suhara, S., Mardiyyaningsih, A. N., Zubaidah, S., Mahfut, M., & Sofiana, M. S. (2023). Bedah buku ajar biologi kelas XII SMA pada materi genetika: Upaya peningkatan kompetensi materi pada guru dan calon guru biologi. Jurnal Pengabdi, 6(1), 14–23.
Citraningrum, M., Sanjaya, Y., Sudargo, F., Riandi, R., Rakhmawati, I., & Haka, N. B. (2025). Development of inquiry-based student worksheet on the phylum Platyhelminthes, Nemathelmintes, and Annelida materials. Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi, 16(1), 153–169.
De Baets, K., Dentzien-Dias, P., Huntley, J. W., Vanhove, M. P. M., Łaska, W., Skawina, A., Steenkiste, N. W. L. Van, & Vanadzina, K. (2024). Fossil constraints on the origin and evolution of Platyhelminthes are surprisingly concordant with modern molecular phylogenies. Zoologia (Curitiba), 41, e24002.
Dheilly, N. M., Lucas, P., Blanchard, Y., & Rosario, K. (2022). A world of viruses nested within parasites: Unraveling viral diversity within parasitic flatworms (Platyhelminthes). Microbiology Spectrum, 10(3), e00138-22.
Diez, Y. L., Sanjuan, C., Bosch, C., Catalá, A., Monnens, M., Curini-Galletti, M., & Artois, T. (2023). Diversity of free-living flatworms (Platyhelminthes) in Cuba. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 140(3), 423–433.
Du Preez, L. H., Domingues, M. V., & Verneau, O. (2022). Classification of pleurodire polystomes (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea, Polystomatidae) revisited with the description of two new genera from the Australian and Neotropical realms. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 19, 180–186.
Fadhilah, N., Magfirah, N., & Mukhlis, A. M. A. (2025). Analisis kebutuhan bahan ajar mata kuliah biologi sel. Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Pembelajaran, 5(1), 337–345.
Fajarianingtyas, D. A., & Hidayat, J. N. (2022). Pengembangan lembar kerja mahasiswa PBL berorientasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah perkuliahan biologi dasar. Bioeduca: Journal of Biology Education, 4(2), 126–133.
Fajarianingtyas, D. A., & Hidayat, J. N. (2023). Pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis web biologi dasar untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa IPA. Jurnal Kiprah, 11(1), 12–20.
Imtihana, E. R., & Febriani, R. A. (2023). Analisis kebutuhan peserta didik terhadap pemanfaatan potensi lokal di Kabupaten Pacitan sebagai sumber belajar IPA biologi sekolah dasar. Journal of Basic Learning and Thematic, 1(2), 62–69.
Martínez, A., Fontaneto, D., & Curini‐Galletti, M. (2025). The swash zone selects functionally specialized assemblages of beach interstitial meiofauna (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata). Ecography, 2025(2), e07179.
Molly, D., Fauziah, N., & Hidayati, N. (2025). Analisis preminery research phase sebagai dasar pengembangan LKPD biologi berbasis PBL. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi Terapan, 2(1), 40–45.
Muliana, G. H., & Irfan, M. (2024). Analisis kebutuhan bahan ajar mata kuliah biologi dasar. Bioma: Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya, 6(1), 105–118.
Permatasari, F. (2025). Pengembangan modul ajar konsep dasar IPA (Biologi) untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa. LENSA (Lentera Sains): Jurnal Pendidikan IPA, 15(2), 110–121.
Putri, N. A., Dwiyanti, R., Mardhiyah, A., & Sahribulan, S. (2024). Kajian sistem pencernaan hewan invertebrata dan vertebrata. Polygon: Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, 2(4), 8–14.
Santillán, L. A., Cruces, C. L., Sáez, G. M., Martínez-Rojas, R., Mondragón-Martínez, A., Murrieta Morey, G. A., Quiñones, M., Luque, J. L., & Chero, J. D. (2024). An annotated checklist of monogeneans (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) from aquatic vertebrates in Peru: A review of diversity, hosts and geographical distribution. Animals, 14(11), 1542.
Wahyuningasri, N. D., & Ambarwati, R. (2022). Pengembangan instrumen tes miskonsepsi siswa menggunakan four-tier test dalam materi Animalia-Invertebrata kelas X SMA. Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi (BioEdu), 11(3), 679–690.*
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Fela Rahmadiyanti, Fira Nur Fatimah, Luthfi Dhia Putri, Jodion Siburian, Afreni Hamidah, Desfaur Natalia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
License and Copyright Agreement
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
.png)
