KAJIAN LITERATUR MIKROSTRUKTUR SISIK IKAN DALAM STUDI TAKSONOMI IKAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/str2bq15Keywords:
Mikrostruktur sisik, taksonomi ikan, identifikasi ikan, morfologi ikan sekunderAbstract
Taksonomi ikan umumnya menggunakan pendekatan morfometri dan meristik dalam proses identifikasi spesies, namun metode tersebut memiliki keterbatasan pada spesies yang berkerabat dekat dan memiliki kemiripan morfologi eksternal. Kajian ini bertujuan menelaah peran mikrostruktur sisik sebagai karakter taksonomi pendukung dalam studi identifikasi ikan. Penelitian dilakukan melalui metode systematic literature review terhadap berbagai publikasi ilmiah yang membahas analisis mikrostruktur sisik menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa komponen mikrostruktur seperti fokus, circuli, radii, lepidont, tubercle, ctenii, serta struktur canal lateral memiliki variasi yang konsisten antarspesies maupun antar lokasi sisik pada tubuh ikan. Perbedaan karakter tersebut terbukti mampu membedakan spesies yang secara morfologi makroskopis sulit dipisahkan, serta sejalan dengan data kekerabatan molekuler. Selain pada ikan modern, mikrostruktur sisik fosil juga dapat digunakan untuk interpretasi paleoekologi dan estimasi umur. Dengan demikian, analisis mikrostruktur sisik berpotensi menjadi karakter taksonomi pelengkap yang penting dalam memperkuat sistem identifikasi dan klasifikasi ikan.
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