Keragaman Genetik Hiu Barong (Rhina ancylostoma) dan Potensi Kepunahannya di Indonesia : Review berdasarkan gen COI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/biogenerasi.v6i2.1299Keywords:
Hiu, Bowmouth Guitarfish, haplotipe, ikan dilindungiAbstract
Rhina ancylostoma (Bowmouth Guitarfish) yang dikenal dengan nama lokal Hiu Barong, Pari Barong, dan Pari Kupu-Kupu di Indonesia ini dinilau sebagai spesies yang terancam punah pada IUCN dan dilindungi pada appendiks II CITES. Ikan ini memiliki sebaran yang luas dari Afrika hingga Australia, termasuk Indonesia. Hubungan antar populasi spesies ini yang terpisah pada wilayah pengelolaan perikanan (WPP) berbeda berpotensi memunculkan variasi genetik. Kajian ini melakukan analisa kekerabatan genetik berdasarkan sekuen gen COI. Sekuen R. ancylostoma dari Pulau Bangka, Jawa, Bali, dan pembanding dari India dan Papua New Guinea diperoleh dari data sekunder pada publikasi, NCBI, dan BOLDSystem. R. ancylostoma dari Indonesia memiliki keragaman haplotipe rendah pada satu haplotipe yang sama dan memiliki jarak genetik 1,24% dengan India dan 0,16% dengan Papua New Guinea. Kesamaan haplotipe dimungkinkan akibat daya migrasi ikan yang luas sehingga terjadi aliran gen antar populasi di wilayah perairan yang berbeda. Keragaman genetik R. ancylostoma yang rendah berpotensi untuk kepunahan ikan, sehingga perlu diatur perlindungannya di Indonesia sebagaimana penilaian CITES dan IUCN.
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