Respon Pertumbuhan dan Kemampuan Serapan Nikel Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) dan Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yang Ditanam pada Lahan Sekitar Area Tambang
Growth Response and Nickel Absorption Ability of Corn (Zea mays L.) and Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Planted on Land Around the Mining Area
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/90b0zv17Keywords:
adaptasi, jagung, kedelai, logam berat, remediasiAbstract
Penambangan nikel seringkali meninggalkan lahan terdegradasi dengan kandungan logam berat, termasuk nikel (Ni), yang dapat bersifat toksik bagi tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam bentuk percobaan di Nursery PT.Vale selama enam bulan (Desember 2023 sampai Mei 2024) Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis respon pertumbuhan serta kemampuan serapan nikel pada tanaman jagung dan kedelai yang dibudidayakan di lahan sekitar area tambang nikel. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat kering biomassa, produksi serta kadar nikel dalam jaringan tanaman menggunakan spektrofotometri serapan atom (AAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman jagung yang tumbuh pada media tanam dengan Ni rendah menghasilkan biomassa (bobot kering) dan produksi (biji) yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan yang ditanam pada media Ni tinggi, namun hasilnya masih sangat rendah dibandingkan pada kondisi media tanam Ni normal. Biji kedelai yang tumbuh pada media tanam dengan Ni tinggi mengandung logam Ni dalam jumlah lebih banyak yaitu 0.106 tan-1 melebihi nilai ambang batas logam Ni pada tanaman (Standar WHO) yaitu 10 µg g-1 berat kering sehingga tidak aman untuk dikonsumsi, sedang yang paling rendah adalah jagung yaitu 0.023 g kg-1. Disimpulkan bahwa tanaman jagung dan kedelai tidak sesuai untuk dikembangkan di lahan pasca tambang karena produksi yang rendah.
Nickel mining often leaves degraded land with heavy metal content, including nickel (Ni), which can be toxic to plants. This research was conducted in the form of an experiment at PT. Vale Nursery for six months (December 2023 to May 2024). The purpose of the study was to analyze the growth response and nickel absorption capacity of corn and soybean plants cultivated in the land around the nickel mining area. The parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, dry weight of biomass, production and nickel levels in plant tissue using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that corn plants grown in low Ni growing media produced more biomass (dry weight) and production (seeds) compared to those grown in high Ni media, but the results were still very low compared to normal Ni growing media conditions. Soybean seeds grown in high Ni growing media contained more Ni metal, namely 0.106 tan-1 exceeding the threshold value of Ni metal in plants (WHO Standard) which is 10 µg g-1 dry weight so it is not safe for consumption, while the lowest was corn, namely 0.023 g kg-1. It was concluded that corn and soybean plants were not suitable for development on post-mining land due to low production.
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