Resiliensi Petani Kemiri di Desa Kaseralau Kecematan Batulappa Kabupaten Pinrang: Adaptasi Terhadap Tantangan di Era Modern

Resilience of Candlenut Farmers in Kaseralau Village, Batulappa District, Pinrang Regency: Adapting to Chalengesin the Modern Era

Authors

  • Sukmawati Sukmawati Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare
  • Irmayani Irmayani Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare
  • Abd Rahim Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v14i1.8029

Keywords:

Petani Kemiri, Adaptasi, Ketahanan Ekonomi, Perubahan Sosial, Resiliansi

Abstract

Petani Indonesia menghadapi tantangan multidimensi berupa konversi lahan, dominasi petani kecil, kerugian pascapanen, krisis regenerasi pemuda, dan dampak ekstrem perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini menganalisis resiliensi petani kemiri (Aleuritas maluccana) di Desa Kaseralau, Kecamatan Batulappa, Kabupaten Pinrang melalui pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data November 2025–Januari 2026 menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen yang melibatkan petani kemiri aktif, tokoh masyarakat, pejabat desa, serta penyuluh pertanian. Hasil menunjukkan petani memiliki pengalaman bertani 31 tahun dengan pengetahuan lokal yang kuat, namun pendapatan rumah tangga bulanan rata-rata Rp1,2 juta tidak mencukupi kebutuhan dasar sehingga strategi adaptasi utama dilakukan melalui diversifikasi tanam jagung yang menghasilkan Rp10 juta per musim. Tantangan utama meliputi fluktuasi harga, perubahan iklim berupa kenaikan suhu 0,4–0,8 °C dan pola curah hujan tidak menentu, serta keterbatasan teknologi pengupas kulit kemiri manual. Resiliensi sosiokultural yang berbasis transmisi pengetahuan antargenerasi dan solidaritas komunitas terbukti tangguh, namun resiliensi ekonomi masih lemah signifikan. Praktik pengolahan manual di Kaseralau serupa dengan petani kemiri lainnya. Penguatan institusi, adopsi teknologi tepat guna, peningkatan akses pasar, dan kemitraan pengolahan menjadi prasyarat esensial transformasi resiliensi petani menuju kemakmuran rumah tangga berkelanjutan dan kemajuan sistem pertanian kemiri.

Indonesian farmers face multidimensional challenges, including land conversion, smallholder dominance, post-harvest losses, youth regeneration crisis, and extreme climate change impacts. This study analyzes resilience dynamics of candlenut (Aleuritas maluccana) farmers in Kaseralau Village, Batulappa District, Pinrang Regency using a qualitative case study approach with data collection from November 2025 to January 2026 through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis involving active candlenut farmers, community leaders, village officials, and agricultural extension workers. Findings reveal farmers possess 31 years farming experience with strong local knowledge systems yet average monthly household income of IDR 1.2 million proves insufficient for basic needs, prompting primary adaptation strategy through corn diversification, yielding IDR 10 million per season. Major challenges encompass price volatility, climate change effects, evidenced by 0.4-0.8°C temperature increase and erratic rainfall patterns, and limitations in manual candlenut peeling technology. Sociocultural resilience based on intergenerational knowledge transmission and community solidarity has proven resilient, but economic resilience remains significantly weak. Manual processing practices in Kaseralau are similar to those of other candlenut farmers. Strengthening institutions, adopting appropriate technology, improving market access, and developing processing partnerships are essential prerequisites for transforming farmer resilience toward sustainable household prosperity and advancing the candlenut farming system.

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Published

2026-02-15

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Perbal: Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan

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Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Sukmawati Sukmawati, Irmayani Irmayani, Abd Rahim

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