Kajian Ketahanan Terinduksi Cabai Rawit Terhadap Jamur Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Menggunakan Kitosan
Study of Induced Resistance in Chili Pepper Against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Using Chitosan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v14i1.7913Keywords:
antraknosa, Capsicum frutescens, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, kitosan, ketahanan terinduksiAbstract
Penyakit antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh jamur Colletotrichum gloeosporioides merupakan kendala utama dalam budidaya cabai rawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi kitosan sebagai agen penginduksi ketahanan tanaman (ISR) dan biostimulan, serta membandingkan efektivitasnya dengan fungisida dalam mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa berdasarkan waktu aplikasi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan delapan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari Kontrol Negatif (P0-: tanpa inokulasi/pengendalian), Kontrol Positif (P0+: inokulasi penyakit), tiga variasi waktu aplikasi fungisida (P1, P2, P3), dan tiga variasi waktu aplikasi kitosan (P4, P5, P6). Waktu aplikasi yang diuji adalah dua minggu sebelum inokulasi, bersamaan inokulasi, dan dua minggu setelah inokulasi. Parameter yang diamati meliputi intensitas serangan antraknosa pada daun dan buah, efektivitas pengendalian, serta parameter pertumbuhan tanaman (jumlah akar, panjang akar, berat basah dan kering akar serta berat basah dan kering tajuk). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kitosan efektif dan setara dengan fungisida dalam menekan intensitas serangan antraknosa. Perlakuan aplikasi kitosan dua minggu sebelum inokulasi (P4) memberikan hasil yang paling optimal, yaitu intensitas serangan pada buah yang paling rendah (38,6%) dan efektivitas pengendalian yang paling tinggi (19,99%). Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa aplikasi kitosan di awal berperan kuat dalam menginduksi sistem pertahanan tanaman sebelum patogen menyerang. Selain itu, kitosan juga berfungsi sebagai biostimulan yang signifikan meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif, ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan berat basah/kering serta perkembangan akar dan tajuk.
Anthracnose disease, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is a major constraint in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) cultivation. This research aimed to investigate the potential of chitosan as an agent for inducing plant resistance (ISR) and as a biostimulant, while comparing its effectiveness with fungicides in controlling anthracnose based on different application timings. The study employed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with eight treatments and three replications. Treatments included Negative Control (P0-: no inoculation/no control), Positive Control (P0+: disease inoculation), three variations of fungicide application timing (P1, P2, P3), and three variations of chitosan application timing (P4, P5, P6). The application timings tested were two weeks before inoculation, simultaneous with inoculation, and two weeks after inoculation. Observed parameters included the incidence and severity of leaf and fruit anthracnose, control effectiveness, and plant growth parameters (number of roots, length of roots, fresh and dry root weight, and fresh and dry shoot weight,). The results showed that the use of chitosan was effective and comparable to fungicides in suppressing anthracnose severity. The treatment involving chitosan application two weeks before inoculation (P4) yielded the most optimal results, exhibiting the lowest fruit anthracnose severity (38.6%) and the highest control effectiveness (19.99%). This indicates that early chitosan application plays a strong role in inducing the plant's defense system before patogen attack. Furthermore, chitosan also functioned as a biostimulant, significantly enhancing vegetative growth, as evidenced by the increase in fresh/dry weight and the development of both roots and shoots.
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