Efisiensi Pemberian Pupuk Kandang dan NPK Mutiara Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jagung Manis

Efficiency of Manure and NPK Mutiara Fertilizer Application on the Growth and Production of Sweet Corn

Authors

  • Riska Sukmawati Universitas Riyadlul Ulum
  • Moh Paris Universitas Riyadlul Ulum
  • Berliani Jannati F Universitas Riyadlul Ulum

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v14i1.7757

Keywords:

Pupuk kandang, NPK mutiara, jagung manis

Abstract

Jagung manis merupakan tanaman semusim (annual), satu siklus hidupnya diselesaikan dalam 80-150 hari. Paruh pertama dari siklus merupakan tahap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan paruh kedua merupakan tahap pertumbuhan generatif. Dengan adanya penambahan  pupuk, pupuk didefinisikan sebagai material yang ditambahkan ke tanah dengan tujuan untuk melengkapi ketersediaan unsur hara. Bahan pupuk yang paling awal digunakan adalah kotoran hewan, sisa pelapukan tanaman, dan arang kayu. Pupuk NPK Mutiara disebut juga sebagai pupuk majemuk karena mengandung unsur hara utama lebih dari 2 jenis, dengan kandungan unsur hara N (15%) dalam bentuk NH3 , P (15%) dalam bentuk P2O5 dan K (15%) dalam bentuk (K2O). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui respons tanaman jagung manis yang ditanam pada media yang ditambahkan pupuk kandang dan pemberian pupuk majemuk NPK Mutiara. Penelitian tersebut dilakukan di Lahan Percobaan Kampus ITB Riyadlul Ulum dari bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2025. Penelitian akan dilaksanakan menggunakan metode eksperimen yang disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan sebagai berikut: P0 = Kontrol (pupuk kandang), P1 = 2 x anjuran pupuk kandang, P2 = 1 x dosis anjuran untuk pupuk NPK, P3 = 1 x dosis anjuran untuk pupuk NPK dan pupuk kandang. Diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga total satuan percobaan 12 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pupuk kandang dan NPK Mutiara tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada sebagian besar fase pengamatan. Namun, perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat segar dan berat kering tanaman. Perlakuan P3 cenderung memberikan nilai tertinggi pada berat segar tanaman dan berat kering tanaman dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Sementara itu, berat segar buah tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata antarperlakuan, meskipun perlakuan P3 menghasilkan rataan berat buah tertinggi.

Sweet corn is an annual plant with a life cycle of 80-150 days. The first half of the cycle is the vegetative growth stage, and the second half is the generative growth stage. Fertilizer is defined as a material added to the soil for the purpose of supplementing the availability of nutrients. The earliest fertilizers used were animal manure, plant debris, and charcoal. Mutiara NPK fertilizer is also known as a compound fertilizer because it contains more than two types of major nutrients, with 15% nitrogen (N) in the form of NH3, 15% phosphorus (P) in the form of P2O5, and 15% potassium (K) in the form of (K₂O). The objective of this study is to determine the response of sweet corn plants grown in media supplemented with manure and NPK Mutiara compound fertilizer. The study was conducted at the ITB Riyadlul Ulum Campus Experimental Field from May to August 2025. The research will be conducted using an experimental method arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the following treatments: P0 = Control (manure), P1 = 2 x recommended manure, P2 = 1 x recommended dose for NPK fertilizer, P3 = 1 x recommended dose for NPK fertilizer and manure, repeated 3 times for a total of 12 experimental units. The results showed that manure and NPK Mutiara fertilizers had no significant effect on plant height during most of the observation period. However, the treatments had a significant effect on the fresh weight and dry weight of the plants. The P3 treatment tended to produce the highest values for fresh weight and dry weight of the plants compared to the other treatments. Meanwhile, fresh fruit weight did not show significant differences between treatments, although the P3 treatment produced the highest average fruit weight.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aguslina, L. (2004). Dasar Nutrisi Tanaman. PT. Rineka Cipta. Jakarta.

Gani, A. (2009). Iptek Tanaman Pangan. (ISSN 1907-4263) Vol.4 No.1, Juli 2009. p. 33-48.

Hapsoh, H., Wawan, W., Dini, I. R., Rifai, A., & Saragih, V. A. (2024). Impact of Mucuna bracteata addition in biofertilizer with various NPK doses on sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) growth and production. E3S Web of Conferences, 593, 03002, IES 2024.

Havlin, J. L., Tisdale, S. L., Nelson, W. L., & Beaton, J. D. (2014). Soil fertility and fertilizers: An introduction to nutrient management (8th ed.). Pearson Education.

Masclaux D, C., Daniel F., Dechorgnat, J., Chardon, F., Gaufichon, L. & Suzuki, A. (2010). Nitrogen uptake, assimilation and remobilization in plants: challenges for sustainable and productive agriculture. Annals of Botany, 105(7), 1141–1157.

Mattjik, A. A., & Sumertajaya, I. M. (2013). Perancangan percobaan dengan aplikasi SAS dan Minitab. IPB Press. Bogor.

Murnita, & Taher, Y. A. (2021). Dampak pupuk organik dan anorganik terhadap perubahan sifat kimia tanah dan produksi tanaman padi. Menara Ilmu, 15(2), 66–74. Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat.

Purwono M, & Hartono R. (2007). Bertanam Jagung. Penebar Swadaya. Bogor.

Pusparini, P.G., Yunus, A. & Harjoko, D. (2018). Dosis pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung hibrida. Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi, 20(2): 28-33.http://doi:10.20961/agsjpa.v20i2.21958.

Puspitasari, H. M., Yunus, A., & Harjoko, D. (2019). Dosis pupuk fosfat terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa jagung hibrida. Agrosains, 20(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.12345/agrosains.v20i1.12345

Putra, R. E., Rayes, M. L., Kurniawan, S., & Ustiatik, R. (2024). Pengaruh kombinasi pupuk organik dan anorganik terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia tanah serta produksi padi pada lahan kering yang di sawahkan. Jurnal Agrikultura, 35(1), 136–150. Universitas Padjadjaran.

Putri, H. A. (2011). Pengaruh pemberian beberapa konsentrasi pupuk organik cair lengkap (POCL) Bio Sugih terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung (Zea mays saccharata sturt.). Skripsi. Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Andalas Padang.

Riwandi. (2014). Teknik Budidaya Jagung dengan Sistem Organik di Lahan Marjinal. UNIB Press. Bengkulu.

Siregar, A., Lubis, A. & Harahap, F. (2017). Peranan bahan organik terhadap peningkatan kesuburan tanah. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan, 19(2), 67–75.

Sudarsana, K. (2000). Pengaruh efektivitas mikroorganisme (EM-4) dan Kompos pada Produksi Jagung (Zea mays saccharata) pada Tanah Entisols. (http://unmul/pertanian.ac.id

Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I. M. & Murphy, A. (2015). Plant Physiology and Development. 6th ed. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.

Downloads

Published

2026-02-15

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Perbal: Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Riska Sukmawati, Moh Paris, Berliani Jannati F

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:

  • They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
  • The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
  • That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
  • That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
  • They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
  • They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.

License and Copyright Agreement

Authors who publish with Onoma Journal: Education, Languages??, and Literature agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.