Diversifikasi Usahatani Petani Jagung Gorontalo dan Determinannya

Diversification of Gorontalo Corn Farmers’ Farming and its Determinants

Authors

  • Arief Bisma Universitas Kebangsaan Republik Indonesia
  • Zulham Sirajuddin Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
  • Anisa Anisa Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v14i1.7138

Keywords:

Diversifikasi pendapatan, On-farm, Off-farm, Petani Jagung

Abstract

Provinsi Gorontalo merupakan salah satu provinsi penghasil jagung terbesar di Pulau Sulawesi. Meski demikian, kesejahteraan petani jagung di Gorontalo belum sepenuhnya terjamin. Hal ini dikarenakan mayoritas petani jagung di Gorontalo merupakan petani kecil yang memiliki luas lahan kurang dari 1 Ha. Keterbatasan pendapatan usaha tani jagung mendorong petani untuk mengembangkan strategi bertahan hidup melalui diversifikasi pendapatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk-bentuk diversifikasi pendapatan alternatif yang dilakukan oleh petani jagung di Gorontalo serta menganalisis hubungan antara pendapatan alternatif dengan peningkatan pendapatan total rumah tangga petani jagung di Gorontalo. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Bone Bolango Provinsi Gorontalo, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 186 petani jagung dari seluruh jumlah petani jagung di Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling dan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, sebagian besar petani jagung di Kabupaten Bone Bolango memiliki alternatif pekerjaan On-farm, yaitu cabai rawit dan kelapa. Sedangkan untuk Off-farm, yakni jasa bentor, pertukangan dan kios. Dalam hal ini, terdapat pola hubungan yang berbeda antara faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi dengan kedua bentuk diversifikasi pendapatan. Diversifikasi usahatani secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh faktor kelembagaan, khususnya keaktifan dalam kelompok tani, sementara diversifikasi usaha non-pertanian dipengaruhi oleh faktor ekonomi rumah tangga yaitu jumlah tanggungan keluarga. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi diferensiasi dalam program pemberdayaan petani (penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan pertanian) dan pendekatan yang berfokus pada pengembangan ekonomi rumah tangga pada diversifikasi Off-farm.

Gorontalo Province is one of the largest corn-producing provinces on the island of Sulawesi. However, the welfare of corn farmers in Gorontalo is not yet fully guaranteed. This is because the majority of corn farmers in Gorontalo are small farmers who own less than 1 hectare of land. Limited income from corn farming has encouraged farmers to develop survival strategies through income diversification. This study was conducted to identify the forms of alternative income diversification carried out by corn farmers in Gorontalo and to analyze the relationship between alternative income and the increase in total household income of corn farmers in Gorontalo. This study was conducted in Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province, with a sample size of 186 corn farmers from the total number of corn farmers in Bone Bolango Regency. Sampling was conducted using accidental sampling techniques and quantitative descriptive research methods. The results showed that most corn farmers in Bone Bolango Regency had alternative on-farm jobs, namely chili and coconut farming. As for off-farm jobs, they included bentor services, carpentry, and kiosks. In this case, there were different patterns of relationships between socioeconomic factors and the two forms of income diversification. Agricultural diversification is significantly influenced by institutional factors, particularly active participation in farmer groups, while non-agricultural diversification is influenced by household economic factors, namely the number of family dependents. Therefore, a differentiation strategy is needed in farmer empowerment programs (strengthening agricultural institutional capacity) and an approach that focuses on household economic development in off-farm diversification.

 

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Published

2026-02-16

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Perbal: Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Arief Bisma, Zulham Sirajuddin, Anisa Anisa

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