Efektivitas Penggunaan Giberelin dan Kombinasi Dosis Pemupukan untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Beberapa Varietas Bawang Merah

Effectiveness of Gibberellin and Combined Fertilization Doses on Shallot Yield Enhancement in Several Varieties

Authors

  • Dimar Hantari Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Anditya Gilang Rizky P Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Febry Nurhidayati Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Desy Setyaningrum Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Dewi Nawang Suprihatin Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Didik Suryadi Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Hardian Ningsih Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Edi Paryanto Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Cahyaningtyas Putri Suhita Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Zainal Abidin Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Eddy Triharyanto Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Djoko Purnomo Universitas Sebelas Maret

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v13i3.7026

Keywords:

Bawang merah, giberelin, hortikultura, produktivitas, pupuk

Abstract

Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) merupakan komoditas hortikultura yang konsumsi dan permintaannya sangat tinggi di masyarakat. Namun, data menunjukkan bahwa produksi bawang merah dari tahun ke tahun terus mengalami perubahan, yang seringkali memicu fluktuasi harga dan ketergantungan pada impor di beberapa periode. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dosis pupuk serta penggunaan giberelin (GA3) pada tiga varietas bawang merah untuk mengoptimalkan produktivitas bawang merah secara berkelanjutan dan efisien. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2025 di Desa Pancot, Tawangmangu, Karanganyar dengan ketinggian tempat 1200 mdpl. Rancangan  penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split Plot) dan diulang sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali. Petak utama merupakan varietas bawang merah, sedangkan anak petak merupakan dosis pupuk + giberelin. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA menggunakan uji F pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Jika ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan, analisis dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, substitusi 50% pupuk  anorganik ke pupuk organik yang dikombinasikan dengan giberelin 50ppm mampu meningkatkan jumlah anakan per rumpun (7,22), jumlah umbi per rumpun (8,33) dan berat kering umbi per rumpun (58,96 g).

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are a horticultural commodity with consistently high consumption and demand. However, production data reveal frequent fluctuations, often leading to price instability and reliance on imports during certain periods. This research aimed to determine fertilizer dosages and gibberellic acid (GA3) application for three shallot varieties to optimize their productivity sustainably and efficiently. The study was conducted from May to August 2025 at the Pancot Village, Tawangmangu, Karanganyar, located at an elevation of 1200 meters above sea level. A Split-Plot Design was employed with three replications. Shallot varieties constituted the main plots, while combinations of fertilizer dosage and GA3 formed the sub-plots. Quantitative data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% significance level (F-test). When significant differences were detected, Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used for post-hoc comparisons. The results demonstrated that the application of 50 ppm gibberellic acid, combined with a fertilizer dosage of 50% inorganic + 150% organic, significantly increased the number of shoots per clump (7,21), number of bulbs per clump (8,33), and productivity per clump (58,96).

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Published

2025-10-27

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025): Perbal: Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan

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Articles

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Copyright (c) 2025 Dimar Hantari, Anditya Gilang Rizky P, Febry Nurhidayati, Desy Setyaningrum, Dewi Nawang Suprihatin, Didik Suryadi, Hardian Ningsih, Edi Paryanto, Cahyaningtyas Putri Suhita, Zainal Abidin, Eddy Triharyanto, Djoko Purnomo

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