Potensi Bahan Tambahan pada Pestisida Nabati Daun Pepaya Terhadap Hama dan Kerusakan Daun Kangkung Cabut (Ipomoea reptans Poir)
Additive Effects of Papaya Leaf Botanical Pesticides on Pest Control and Leaf Protection in Upland Water Spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v13i3.6987Keywords:
Daun pepaya, pestisida nabati, kangkung cabut, serai, senyawa aktifAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penambahan bawang putih, serai, dan daun sirsak dalam formulasi pestisida nabati berbahan dasar daun pepaya terhadap penurunan jumlah hama dan kerusakan daun pada tanaman kangkung cabut (Ipomoea reptans Poir). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen lapangan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas lima taraf perlakuan dan lima ulangan, sehingga terdapat 25 satuan percobaan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 (kontrol); P1 (daun pepaya); P2 (daun pepaya + bawang putih), P3 (daun pepaya + serai), dan P4 (daun pepaya + daun sirsak). Pestisida nabati diformulasikan melalui proses penghalusan bahan aktif dalam 300 mL air, diikuti inkubasi selama tiga hari, penyaringan, dan pengenceran hingga 1 liter. Penanaman kangkung cabut dilakukan pada bedengan berukuran 1 × 1 meter dengan perlakuan budidaya standar, meliputi penyiraman, penyiangan, dan pemupukan dasar. Pestisida nabati diaplikasikan dengan metode penyemprotan sebanyak dua kali, yaitu pada minggu ketiga dan keempat setelah tanam, pada sore hari. Parameter yang diamati meliputi persentase penurunan jumlah hama serta kerusakan daun. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk menggambarkan pengaruh aplikasi pestisida nabati terhadap populasi hama dan tingkat kerusakan tanaman kangkung. Perlakuan paling optimal diperoleh dari kombinasi daun pepaya dan serai (P3), yang mampu menurunkan jumlah hama hingga 87,5% dan dapat menekan kerusakan daun dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Masih ditemukan tanda-tanda serangan berupa bercak cokelat dan bekas gigitan pada beberapa perlakuan, yang menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas pestisida nabati turut dipengaruhi oleh stabilitas senyawa aktif yang digunakan.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of adding garlic, lemongrass, and soursop leaves to a plant-based pesticide formulation using papaya leaves as the main ingredient in reducing pest populations and leaf damage in upland water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir). The research was conducted through a field experiment using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of five treatments and five replications, resulting in 25 experimental units. The treatments included P0 (control), P1 (papaya leaves), P2 (papaya leaves + garlic), P3 (papaya leaves + lemongrass), and P4 (papaya leaves + soursop leaves). The botanical pesticide was formulated by blending the active ingredients with 300 mL of water, followed by incubation for three days, filtration, and dilution to a final volume of 1 liter. Upland water spinach was cultivated on plots measuring 1 × 1 meters using standard cultivation practices, including watering, weeding, and base fertilization. The pesticide was applied twice by spraying, in the third and fourth weeks after planting, during the late afternoon. Observed parameters included the percentage reduction in pest numbers and leaf damage. The most effective treatment was P3 (papaya leaves + lemongrass), which reduced pest populations by 87.5% and significantly suppressed leaf damage compared to other treatments. However, signs of pest activity such as brown spots and bite marks were still observed in some treatments, indicating that the effectiveness of the botanical pesticide was also influenced by the stability of the active compounds used.
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