Keanekaragaman dan Dominansi Gulma pada Fase Kritis Tanaman Jagung di Kecamatan Taluditi Kabupaten Pohuwato
Weed Diversity and Dominance in the Critical Phase of Corn Crops in Taluditi District Pohuwato Regency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v13i3.6816Keywords:
Dominansi, fase kritis, gulma, jagung, produksiAbstract
Keberadaan gulma menjadi masalah penting dalam budidaya tanaman. Semakin lama gulma tumbuh bersama dengan tanaman pokok, semakin hebat persaingannya, pertumbuhan tanaman pokok semakin terlambat, dan hasilnya semakin menurun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini sebagai berikut : (1) untuk mengetahui gulma apa saja yang tumbuh dan mendominasi pada fase kritis sehingga pengendalian dapat dilakukan secara efektif dan dapat mencegah persaingan di pertanaman jagung di Kecamatan Taluditi Kabupaten Pohuwato, (2) Untuk mengetahui indeks keanekaragaman gulma yang tumbuh pada areal pertanaman jagung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif (mendeskripsikan dan mengidentifikasi gulma yang ditemukan pada pertanaman jagung) dan kuantitatif (menghitung dan menganalisis vegetasi gulma yang dominan serta keanekaragaman pada pertanaman jagung). Tahapan penelitian yaitu survei lokasi, pengumpulan data (observasi lapang, pengambilan sampel dan identifikasi, wawancara, dokumentasi), analisis dan pengolahan data. Adapun analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu analisis data kerapatan mutlak, kerapatan nisbi, frekuensi mutlak, frekuensi nisbi, nilai penting, Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR) dan indeks keanekaragaman jenis (H’). Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan dilapangan terdapat 26 jenis gulma yang terdapat dalam lahan pertanaman jagung sebagai sampel penelitian. Gulma yang mendominasi lahan pertanaman jagung fase kritis umur 20-25 HST adalah rumput teki (Cyperus rotundus) sebesar adalah 46,8 %, sedangkan gulma yang mendominasi pada lahan pertanaman jagung pada fase kritis umur 45-50 HST adalah gulma rumput kelabang (Eremochloa ophiuroides) sebesar 31,4%. Indeks keanekaragaman gulma yang terdapat pada pertanaman jagung pada fase kritis umur 20-25 HST dan Umur 45-50 HST berkisar pada nilai 1.9184-2.2611, termasuk dalam kategori sedang.
The presence of weeds is a significant problem in crop cultivation. The longer weeds grow alongside the main crop, the greater the competition, the slower the main crop's growth, and the lower its yield. The aims of this research are as follows: (1) to find out which weeds grow and dominate in the critical phase so that control can be carried out effectively and can prevent competition in corn plantations in Taluditi District, Pohuwato Regency, (2) to find out the diversity index of weeds growing in corn plantation areas. The methods used in this research are qualitative methods (describing and identifying weeds found in corn plantations) and quantitative methods (calculating and analyzing dominant weed vegetation and diversity in corn plantations). The research stages are location survey, data collection (field observation, sampling and identification, interviews, documentation), data analysis and processing. The data analysis carried out included analysis of absolute density data, relative density, absolute frequency, relative frequency, important value, Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR) and species diversity index (H'). Based on the results obtained in the field, there were 26 types of weeds found in the corn plantations as research samples. The weeds that dominate the critical phase of corn planting land at 20-25 HST are nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) at 46.8%, while the weeds that dominate the critical phase of corn planting land at 45-50 HST are centipede grass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) at 31.4%. The weed diversity index found in corn plantations at the critical phase of 20-25 HST and 45-50 HST ranges from 1.9184 to 2.2611, which is included in the moderate category.
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