Eksplorasi Cendawan Rhizosfer Tanaman Kakao Klon Lokal Kota Polewali Sulawesi Barat
Rhizosferic Fungal Exploration of Local Clone Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) from Polewali West Sulawesi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v13i2.6402Abstract
Mikroorganisme tanah, khususnya yang berasal dari daerah rhizosfer, merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam ekosistem pertanian yang berperan sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman secara alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan mengevaluasi potensi cendawan rhizosfer dari tanaman kakao klon lokal asal Kota Polewali, Kabupaten Polewali Mandar, Sulawesi Barat sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Sebanyak 13 isolat cendawan berhasil diisolasi dari tanah rhizosfer tanaman kakao sehat. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji patogenisitas terhadap daun kakao untuk mengetahui potensi patogenik isolat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 2 dari 13 isolat berpotensi patogenik dan tidak digunakan pada pengujian lanjutan. Sebanyak 11 isolat non-patogenik diuji lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui potensinya dalam merangsang pertumbuhan tanaman uji (jagung varietas rentan), baik dengan maupun tanpa perlakuan fungisida. Pengujian ini menghasilkan data bahwa 4 isolat memiliki potensi tinggi, yaitu dua isolat (EG dan EX) mampu merangsang pertumbuhan tanaman hingga 90%, sedangkan dua isolat lainnya (EF dan EW) hingga 80%. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa isolat-isolat tersebut berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Pendekatan ini sejalan dengan prinsip pertanian berkelanjutan karena mampu memperbaiki ekosistem tanah, meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan, dan memperkuat ketahanan fisiologis tanaman terhadap stres lingkungan.
Soil microorganisms, particularly those originating from the rhizosphere, are among the most important components of agricultural ecosystems due to their natural role in promoting plant growth. This study aimed to explore and evaluate the potential of rhizospheric fungi isolated from local-clone cocoa plants in Polewali City, Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi, as plant growth promoters. This study aimed to explore and evaluate the potential of rhizospheric fungi from local cocoa clones originating from Polewali City, Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi, as biological control agents and plant growth-promoting fungi. A total of 13 fungal isolates were successfully obtained from the rhizosphere of healthy cocoa plants. Pathogenicity tests on cocoa leaves revealed that 2 out of 13 isolates exhibited pathogenic characteristics potentially and were excluded from further analysis. The remaining 11 non-pathogenic isolates were subsequently tested for their growth-promoting effects on a susceptible maize variety, both with and without fungicide treatment. The results demonstrated that four isolates showed promising potential: two isolates (EG and EX) stimulated plant growth up to 90%, while two others (EF and EW) stimulated up to 80%. These findings indicate that the selected isolates have promising potential for development as plant growth-promoting agents. This approach aligns with the principles of sustainable agriculture, as it contributes to improving soil ecosystems, enhancing nutrient use efficiency, and strengthening the physiological resilience of plants to environmental stress.
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