Morfologi Cendawan Terbawa Benih Padi Asal Sentra Pertanaman Padi Kalimantan Utara
Morphology of Seed-Borne Fungi From Rice-Growing Centers in North Kalimantan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v13i2.6371Abstract
Cendawan merupakan mikroorganisme eukariotik yang dapat terbawa oleh benih padi dan bersifat patogenik, menurunkan kualitas, daya tumbuh, dan hasil panen. Spora atau hifa cendawan dapat bertahan dalam kondisi dorman pada benih. Identifikasi morfologi seperti warna koloni, hifa, dan konidia penting untuk deteksi awal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi morfologi cendawan terbawa benih padi di Kalimantan Utara sebagai dasar pengendalian penyakit sejak tahap perbenihan. Penelitian dilakukan di empat kecamatan sentra padi Kalimantan Utara: Tanjung Selor, Tanjung Palas, Tanjung Palas Tengah, dan Tanjung Palas Utara pada tahun 2020 menggunakan metode snowball sampling hingga mencapai 75% petani. Dari tiap responden diambil 200 gram benih padi. Deteksi cendawan menggunakan blotter test dan diinkubasi selama satu minggu. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan mikroskop stereo (400x dan 1000x) berdasarkan hifa dan konidia. Kabupaten Bulungan, Kalimantan Utara, merupakan sentra produksi padi dengan 14 varietas benih yang digunakan petani. Dari sampel benih di empat kecamatan, ditemukan empat genus cendawan, yakni Alternaria, Aspergillus, Mucor, dan Rhizopus. Cendawan tersebut memiliki karakteristik morfologi berbeda dan dapat bersifat patogen maupun bermanfaat.
Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms that can be seed-borne in rice and act as pathogens, reducing seed quality, germination rate, and yield. Fungal spores or hyphae can remain dormant within seeds. Morphological identification—such as colony color, hyphae, and conidia—is crucial for early detection. This study aims to identify the morphology of seed-borne fungi in rice from North Kalimantan as a basis for early disease control during the seed phase. The research was conducted in four rice-producing subdistricts of North Kalimantan: Tanjung Selor, Tanjung Palas, Tanjung Palas Tengah, and Tanjung Palas Utara in 2020, using a snowball sampling method covering 75% of farmers. From each respondent, 200 grams of rice seed were collected. Fungal detection was carried out using the blotter test and incubated for one week. Identification was done using a stereo microscope (400x and 1000x magnification) based on hyphae and conidia characteristics. Bulungan Regency in North Kalimantan is a major rice-producing area with 14 seed varieties used by farmers. From seed samples across the four subdistricts, four fungal genera were found: Alternaria, Aspergillus, Mucor, and Rhizopus. These fungi have distinct morphological characteristics and may be either pathogenic or beneficial.
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