Tingkat Bahaya Erosi Berbasis USLE, MUSLE, dan RUSLE dengan Penerapan SIG pada Lahan Pertanian di Provinsi Kalimantan Utara
Erosion Danger Levels Based on USLE, MUSLE, and RUSLE Models Using GIS Application on Agricultural Land in North Kalimantan Province
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v13i2.6370Abstract
Erosi tanah merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama dalam pengelolaan lahan pertanian, terutama di wilayah dengan topografi kompleks seperti Provinsi Kalimantan Utara. Aktivitas pertanian yang tidak diimbangi dengan praktik konservasi tanah yang baik dapat meningkatkan risiko kehilangan lapisan tanah atas yang subur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan memetakan tingkat bahaya erosi pada berbagai jenis tutupan lahan pertanian dengan pendekatan tiga model empiris utama: Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), Modified USLE (MUSLE), dan Revised USLE (RUSLE). Ketiga model ini diterapkan dengan dukungan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk menghasilkan distribusi spasial laju erosi secara akurat. USLE menghitung kehilangan tanah tahunan berdasarkan faktor-faktor seperti intensitas curah hujan, erodibilitas tanah, panjang dan kemiringan lereng, tutupan lahan, serta praktik konservasi. MUSLE memperhitungkan volume limpasan permukaan, sementara RUSLE menyempurnakan faktor-faktor curah hujan dan penutup lahan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa lahan kering pada lereng curam yang dikelola tanpa konservasi memiliki tingkat erosi tertinggi. Sebaliknya, lahan sawah dan lahan rawa menunjukkan tingkat erosi sangat rendah, terutama karena sistem irigasi dan kondisi permukaan tanah yang lebih stabil.
Soil erosion is one of the major challenges in agricultural land management, especially in areas with complex topography such as North Kalimantan Province. Agricultural activities that are not supported by proper soil conservation practices can lead to significant loss of the fertile topsoil layer. This study aims to identify and map the level of erosion risk across various types of agricultural land cover using three main empirical models: the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), the Modified USLE (MUSLE), and the Revised USLE (RUSLE). These models are applied with the support of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to produce accurate spatial distributions of erosion rates. The USLE model estimates annual soil loss based on factors such as rainfall intensity, soil erodibility, slope length and steepness, land cover, and conservation practices. The MUSLE model incorporates surface runoff volume into its calculations, while the RUSLE model refines the rainfall and land cover factors. The analysis reveals that the highest erosion rates occur on dry agricultural lands located on steep slopes with minimal conservation measures. In contrast, paddy fields and swamp lands tend to exhibit very low erosion rates, largely due to the presence of irrigation systems and more stable soil surface conditions.
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