Keanekaragaman Gulma pada Pertanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) di Kecamatan Taluditi Kabupaten Pohuwato
Weed Diversity in Corn (Zea mays L.) Plantations in Taluditi District Pohuwato Regency
Abstract
Jagung merupakan komoditi penting dalam program pemerintah di Provinsi Gorontalo khususnya pada bidang pertanian. Dalam budidaya tanaman terdapat hambatan dalam mencapai hasil yang optimal, salah satunya adalah gulma. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2023 sampai dengan Februari 2024 di Kecamatan Taluditi dan Laboratorium Fakultas Pertanian dan Ilmu Perikanan Universitas Pohuwato untuk mengidentifikasi gulma. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif (survey dan pengamatan gulma baik dari warna dan bentuk) dan kuantitatif dengan menghitung Kerapatan, Frekuensi, Nilai Penting, Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR), dan Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Nilai Summed Dominance Ratio gulma tertinggi pada lahan pertanaman jagung umur 20 HST gulma yang mendominasi adalah Meniran (P amarus) dan Bayam (Amaranthus sp) dengan nilai masing-masing 18%. Pada pertanaman jagung umur 80 HST nilai SDR gulma tertinggi terdapat pada spesies Gewor (C. benghalensis) 21%. Keanekaragaman gulma pada lahan pertanaman jagung umur 20 HST nilai (H’) gulma adalah 2,24. Sedangkan nilai (H’) gulma pada pertanaman jagung umur 80 HST 2,39. Sehingga keanekaragaman gulma pada lahan pertanaman jagung tergolong sedang.
Corn is an important commodity in government programs in Gorontalo Province, especially in the agricultural sector. In plant cultivation there are obstacles in achieving optimal results, one of which is weeds. The research was carried out from October 2023 to February 2024 in Taluditi District and the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Fisheries Sciences, Pohuwato University to identify weeds. The method used in this research is a qualitative method (survey and observation of weeds both in terms of color and shape) and quantitative by calculating Density, Frequency, Importance Value, Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR), and Diversity Index (H'). The results of the research showed that the highest weed Summed Dominance Ratio value in corn plantations aged 20 HST, the dominant weeds were Meniran (P amarus) and Spinach (Amaranthus sp) with values of 18% each. In corn plantings aged 80 HST, the highest weed SDR value was found in the Gewor species (C. benghalensis) at 21%. The diversity of weeds in corn plantations aged 20 HST, the value (H') of weeds is 2.24. Meanwhile, the value (H') of weeds in corn plantings aged 80 HST was 2.39. So the diversity of weeds in corn plantations is classified as moderate.
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