Karakteristik dan Analisis Korelasi Karakter Fisiologis Tanaman Jagung Hibrida (Zea mays L.) pada Tanah Bertekstur Liat Diperkaya Pupuk Slowrelease Berbasis Biochar
Characteristics and Correlation Analysis of Physiological Characters of Hybrid Corn Plants (Zea mays L.) on Clay-Textured Soil Enriched with Biochar-Based Slowrelease Fertilizer
Abstract
Peningkatan produktivitas jagung sangat dipengaruhi oleh karakter fisiologi seperti klorofil dan stomata daun. Hal ini sangat berkaitan dengan proses fotosintesis yang dipengaruhi oleh kandungan nitrogen dan air dalam tanah. Penelitin ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan pupuk slowrelase dari biochar tongkol jagung berbasis NPK terhadap karakter dan kolerasi fisiologi tanaman jagung. Metode penelitian merupakan percobaan lapangan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok untuk menguji empat jenis perlakuan, yakni Pupuk kimia (P0), pupuk slowrelase berbasis NPK (P1), pupuk slowrelase diperkaya urin sapi (P2) dan pupuk slowrelase diperkaya urin sapi dan bakteri (azotobacter dan basillus)(P3). Parameter yang diamati terhadap karakter fisiologi tanaman jagung, yakni Chlorofil content Indeks (CCI), kehijauan daun, jumlah stomata dan ukuran stomata serta korelasi antar karakteri fisiologi. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pemberian pupuk slowrelase diperkaya urin sapi dan bakteri memberikan hasil terbaik pada CCI dan kehijauan daun yakni 44,64 dan 3,77 berbeda nyata hingga sangat nyata dengan pemberian pupuk kimia (16,27; 2,77). Untuk tindak adaptasi pemberian pupuk slowrelease diperkaya urin sapi dan bakteri mengurangi jumlah ukuran stomata dengan hasil yang lebih kecil (78,33) berbeda nyata dengan pemberian pupuk slowrelease pengkayaan bakteri (P0,P1 dan P2). Terdapat korelasi yang nyata antara CCI dan jumlah stomata terhadap kehijauan daun. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penggunaan pupuk slowrelase yang diperkaya urin sapi dan bakteri menjadi strategi adaptif usaha tani jagung menghadapi perubahan iklim.
Increasing corn productivity is strongly influenced by physiological characters such as chlorophyll and leaf stomata. This is closely related to the photosynthesis process which is influenced by the nitrogen and water content in the soil. This research aims to use slow-relase fertilizer from NPK-based corn cob biochar on the characteristics and physiological correlation of corn plants. The research method was a field experiment using a Randomized Block Design to test four types of treatment, namely chemical fertilizer (P0), NPK-based slowrelase fertilizer (P1), slowrelase fertilizer enriched with cow urine (P2) and slowrelase fertilizer enriched with cow urine and bacteria (azotobacter and bacillus )(P3). Observation parameters on the physiological characteristics of corn plants, namely Chlorophyll content Index (CCI), leaf greenness, number of stomata and stomata size as well as correlation between physiological characteristics. The results of the research found that the application of slowrelase fertilizer enriched with cow urine and bacteria gave the best results in CCI and leaf greenness, namely 44.64 and 3.77, significantly to very significantly different from the application of chemical fertilizer (16.27; 2.77). For adaptation, giving slow-release fertilizer enriched with cow urine and bacteria reduced the number of stomata sizes with smaller results (78.33), significantly different from giving slow-release fertilizer enriched with bacteria (PO, P1 and P2). There is a real correlation between CCI and the number of stomata on leaf greenness. Based on this, the use of slowrelase fertilizer enriched with cow urine and bacteria is an adaptive strategy for corn farming to face climate change.
Downloads
References
Adawiah,R., S., Sutarno & Suyanta. (2020). Studi adsorpsi-desorpsi anion fosfat pada bentonit termodifikasi CTAB. Indo. J. Chem. Res. Vol.8 (2): 125–136. https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2020.8-sra
Akmalia, H.A. & Suharyanto, E. (2017). Respon fisiologis dan produktivitas jagung (Zea mays L.) Sweet Boy-02 pada perbedaan intensitas cahaya dan penyiraman. Jurnal Teknosains. Vol. 6(2):59–71. https://doi.org/10.22146/teknosains.2
Ali, M. M., Al-ani, A., Eamus, D., & Tan, D. K. Y. (2016). Leaf Nitrogen Determination Using Non- Destructive Techniques – A Review. 4167 (March). https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2016.1143954
Anies, N., Khairani, L., & Susilawati, I. (2019). Pengaruh tingkat pemberian pupuk nitrogen terhadap kandungan air dan serat kasar Corchorus aestuans. Pastura. Vol. 9(1): 32. https://doi.org/10.24843/pastura.2019.v09.i01.p09
Ardiansyah, M., Nugroho, B., & Khalimatus, S. (2022). Estimasi kadar klorofil dan kadar N daun jagung menggunakan estimating chlorophyll and N content in corn leaves based on chlorophyll content index. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan. Vol. 24(2): 53–61.
Cerovic, Z. G., & Masdoumier, G. (2012). A new optical leaf-clip meter for simultaneous non-destructive assessment of leaf chlorophyll and epidermal flavonoids. Physiol Plant. Vol. 146 (3): 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01639.x
Guo, Y., Yin, W., Fan, H., Fan, Z., Hu, F., Yu, A., & Zhao, C. (2021). Photosynthetic physiological characteristics of water and nitrogen coupling for enhanced high-density tolerance and increased yield of maize in arid irrigation regions. Front Plant Sci. Vol. 12 (September): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.726568
Hendriyatno, F., Okalia, D., & Mashadi. (2019). Pengaruh pemberian POC urine sapi terhadap pertumbuhan bibit pinang betara (Areca catechu L.). Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal. Vol. 2(2): 89–97. https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v2i2.412
Hokmalipour, S., & Darbandi, M. H. (2011). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on chlorophyll content and other leaf indicate in three cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.). World Applied Sciences Journal. Vol. 15 (12): 1780–1785.
Hossain, M. Z., Bahar, M. M., Sarkar, B., Donne, S. W., Ok, Y. S., Palansooriya, K. N., Kirkham, M. B., Chowdhury, S., & Bolan, N. (2020). Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant. Biochar. Vol. 2(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-020-00065-z
Jumaeri, Sumarni, W., Ningrum, L. W., & Rahayu, E. F. (2019). Using of low grade zeolite based fly ash as slow release agent for Zea mays growth. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 1567(2). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1567/2/022036
Kalay, A. M., Kesaulya, H., Talahaturuson, A., Rehatta, H., & Hindersah, R. (2020). Aplikasi pupuk hayati konsorsium strain Bacillus sp dengan berbeda konsentrasi dan cara pemberian terhadap pertumbuhan bibit pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt). Agrologia. Vol. 9(1). https://doi.org/10.30598/a.v9i1.1060
Lestari, E. G. (2006). The relation between stomata index and drought resistant at rice somaclones of Gajahmungkur, Towuti, and IR 64. Biodiversitas, Journal of Biological Diversity. Vol. 7(1): 44–48. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d070112
Liu, C., Liu, Y., Lu, Y., Liao, Y., Nie, J., Yuan, X., & Chen, F. (2019). Use of a leaf chlorophyll content index to improve the prediction of above-ground biomass and productivity. PeerJ. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6240
Murti, S. D. S., Finalis, E. R., Noor, I., Suratno, H., Rosyadi, E., Saputra, H., Industry, C., Tangerang, S., & Engineering, E. (2020). Development of carbon based NPK slow release fertilizer using biochar from oil palm empty fruits. Indonesian Journal of Energy. Vol. 3(1): 19–24.
Padilla, F. M., de Souza, R., Peña-Fleitas, M. T., Gallardo, M., Giménez, C., & Thompson, R. B. (2018). Different responses of various chlorophyll meters to increasing nitrogen supply in sweet pepper. Frontiers in Plant Science. Vol. 871: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01752
Peng, S., Garcia, F. V, Laza, R. C., & Cassman, K. G. (2017). Adjustment for specific leaf weight improves chlorophyii meter’s estimate of rice leaf nitrogen concentration. Agronomy Journal (AJ). September 1993. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500050005x
Santana, Puja, F., Ghulamahdi, M., & Lubis, I. (2020). Respons pertumbuhan, fisiologi, dan produksi kedelai terhadap pemberian pupuk nitrogen dengan dosis dan waktu yang berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, Vol. 26(1): 24–31. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.1.24
Schmidt, H. P., Pandit, B. H., Cornelissen, G., & Claudia, I. (2017). Biochar-based fertilization with liquid nutrient enrichment : 21 field trials covering 13 crop species in nepal. Land Dagradation & Development. Vol. 28(8): Pages 2324-2342. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2761
Setiaji, A., Annisa, R. R. R., & Rahmandhias, D. T. (2023). Bakteri Bacillus sebagai agen kontrol hayati dan biostimulan tanaman. Rekayasa. Vol. 16(1): 96–106. https://doi.org/10.21107/rekayasa.v16i1.17207
Simkin, A. J., López-calcagno, P. E., & Raines, C. A. (2019). Feeding the world : improving photosynthetic efficiency for sustainable crop production. J. Exp Both. Vol. 70(4): 1119–1140. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ery445
Song, A.N., & Banyo, Y. (2010). Song, N., & Banyo, Y. (2010). Konsentrasi klorofil daun sebagai indikator kekurangan air pada tanaman. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains. Vol. 11(2): 177-173.
Sukmawati. (2020a). Bahan organik menjanjikan dari biochar tongkol jagung, cangkan dan tandan kosong kelapa sawit berdasarkan sifat kimia. J. Agroplantae, Vol. 9(2): 82–94. https://ppnp.e-journal.id/agro/article/view/223
Sukmawati. (2020b). Perbaikan Retensi Air Fosfor dan Nitrogen dari Biochar yang ditambahkan Bakteri Penghasil Alginat Untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Lahan Kering (Disertasi) [Pasca Sarjana Unhas]. http://repository.unhas.ac.id/id/eprint/3048/
Sukmawati, Ala, A., Baharuddin, & Gusli, S. (2020a). Biochar interventions enriched with alginate-producing bacteria support the growth of maize in degraded soils. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 486(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/486/1/012133
Sukmawati, Ala, A., Baharuddin, & Gusli, S. (2020b). Biochar interventions enriched with alginate-producing bacteria support the growth of maize in degraded soils. 0–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/486/1/012133
Tambaru, E., Ura, R., & Tuwo, M. (2018). Karakterisasi stomata daun tanaman obat Andredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis dan Gratophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. Jurnal Ilmu Alam dan Lingkungan. Vol. 9(1): 42–47.
Wang, Y., Wang, D., Shi, P., & Omasa, K. (2014). Estimating rice chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen concentration with a digital still color camera under natural light. Plant Methods. Vol. 10(36): 1–11.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mila Astiani, Sukmawati Sukmawati, Iradhatullah Rahim, Mayasari Yamin, Suherman Suherman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
License and Copyright Agreement
Authors who publish with Onoma Journal: Education, Languages, and Literature agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
