Karakterisasi Morfologi Jagung Hibrida (Zea mays L.) pada Berbagai Pemberian Pupuk Slowrelease Berbasis Biochar pada Tanah Bertekstur Liat
Morphological Characterization of Hybrid Corn (Zea mays L.) on Various Applications of Biochar-Based Slowrelease Fertilizer on Clay-Textured Soils
Abstract
Karakteristik tanah yang bertekstur liat memiliki pori-pori yang kecil sehingga daya simpan airnya relatif tinggi dan berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Permasalahan tersebut dapat diatasi melalui penggunaan bahan organik yaitu biochar tongkol jagung karena memiliki sifat stabil sebagai pembenah tanah yang dikombinasi dengan pupuk anorganik dan bahan hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui pengaruh pupuk slow release terhadap karakteristik morfologi tanaman jagung hibrida, dan (2) memperoleh kombinasi pupuk terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung hibrida pada tanah bertekstur liat yang diperkaya dengan pupuk slow release. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Parenring, Kecamatan Rilirilau Kabupaten Soppeng. Materi genetik yang digunakan yaitu jagung hibrida Varietas Bisi-2 yang disusun menggunakan RAK. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa karakter agronomi yang memiliki kuadrat tengah sangat signifikan yaitu karakter panjang ruas. Sedangkan karakter yang mnemiliki kuadrat tengah nyata yaitu karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, panjang daun, lebar daun, panjang tongkol, dan diameter tongkol. Interval KK yang dihasilkan yaitu 1,73% - 14,60%. KK tertinggi yaitu pada karakter panjang rambut jagung mencapai 14,60%. perlakuan pupuk slow release terbaik untuk parameter diameter batang, panjang rambut, lebar daun, dan panjang tongkol dengan rerata masing-masing 19,80 cm; 18,83; 9,83 cm; dan 28,27. Perlakuan pupuk slow release + 30 ml urin sapi terbaik untuk perameter tinggi tanaman, panjang ruas, jumlah daun, dan diameter tongkol dengan rerata masing-masing 169,80 cm; 14,78 cm; 10,54 helai; dan 34,10 cm. kombinasi pupuk slow release + 30 ml urine + 30 ml bakteri Azotobacter + 30 ml bakteri Bacillus sp. menghasilkan panjang daun terbaik dengan rerata 85,54. Sehingga, pemberian kombinasi pupuk yang terbaik untuk komponen hasil jagung hibrida yaitu pupuk slow release + 30 ml urin sapi.
The characteristic of clay-textured soil is that it has small pores so that its water retention capacity is relatively high and has an impact on plant growth and development. This problem can be overcome through the use of organic materials, namely corncob biochar because it has stable properties as a soil conditioner combined with inorganic fertilizers and biological materials. This research aims to determine (1) the effect of slow release fertilizer on the morphological characteristics of hybrid corn plants and (2) obtain the best fertilizer combination in increasing the growth and production of hybrid corn on clay textured soils. This research was carried out in Parenring Village, Rilirilau District, Soppeng Regency. The genetic material used is the hybrid corn variety Bisi-2 which was prepared using RAK. Based on the research results, it was found that the agronomic character that has a very significant middle square is the character of segment length. Meanwhile, the characters that have a real middle square are the characters of plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, ear length and ear diameter. The resulting KK interval is 1.73% - 14.60%. The highest KK is for the long corn hair character, reaching 14.60%. the best slow release fertilizer treatment for the parameters of stem diameter, hair length, leaf width and cob length with an average of 19.80 cm each; 18.83; 9.83cm; and 28.27. The slow release fertilizer + 30 ml cow urine treatment was best for plant height, internode length, number of leaves, and cob diameter with an average of 169.80 cm each; 14.78cm; 10.54 strands; and 34.10 cm. combination of slow release fertilizer + 30 ml urine + 30 ml Azotobacter bacteria + 30 ml Bacillus sp bacteria. produced the best leaf length with an average of 85.54. So, the best fertilizer combination for hybrid corn yield components is slow release fertilizer + 30 ml of cow urine.
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