Identifikasi Keberadaan Patogen Phytophtora sp. Menjadi Langkah Awal Seleksi Pohon Alpukat sebagai Sumber Entris di Desa Cakaruddu, Sulawesi Selatan
Identification of Phytophtora sp. Pathogen as the First Step in Selecting Avocado Trees as a Source of Scion in Cakaruddu Village South Sulawesi
Abstract
Alpukat merupakan tanaman penghasil buah yang dapat diperbanyak secara aseksual melalui sambung pucuk dengan memanfaatkan entris dari pohon induk asalnya untuk memperoleh keseragaman populasi sehingga dibutuhkan entris yang bebas patogen. Seleksi pohon induk melalui identifikasi memungkinkan untuk menghasilkan sumber entris yang bebas dari patogen seperti Phytophthora sp. Patogen tersebut merupakan penyebab penyakit pada tanaman alpukat yang serangannya dapat menyebabkan kematian pada tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu memperoleh metode untuk seleksi awal pada pohon alpukat yang bebas dari patogen Phytophthora sp. Metode pada penelitian ini yaitu isolasi mikroorganisme dari pohon alpukat, seleksi isolat secara mikrokopis dan dilanjutkan denagn identifikasi tingkat molekuler menggunakan primer ITS 1 dan ITS 4. Sampel contoh yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 10% dari populasi alpukat yang ada pada satu perkebunan. Hasil pada penelitian ini yaitu telah diperoleh isolat dari lima pohon alpukat yang digunakan sebagai sampel contoh. Isolat yang diperoleh memiliki kriteria yang menyerupai dengan Phytophthora sp. Berdasarkan spora yang dimiliki dan identifikasi lebih lanjut terhadap wilayah internal transcribed spacer (ITS) dari isolat tersebut, menunjukkan bahwa isolat yang diperoleh adalah Phanerochaete sp. bukan Phytophthora sp. Identifikasi suatu patogen seperti Phytophthora sp. pada pohon alpukat perlu dilakukan hingga tingkat molekuler untuk mendapatkan bahan tanam bebas penyakit.
Avocado are fruit-producing plants that can be propagated asexually through shoot grafting by utilizing entries from the original parent tree to obtain population uniformity so that pathogen-free scions are needed. Selection of parent trees through identification makes it possible to produce scions sources that are free from pathogens such as Phytophthora sp. This pathogen is the cause of disease in avocado plants, whose attack can cause death of the plant. The aim of this research is to obtain a method for initial selection of avocado trees that are free from the pathogen Phytophthora sp. The method in this research is the isolation of microorganisms from avocado trees, microscopic selection of isolates and continued with molecular level identification using ITS 1 and ITS 4 primers. The samples used in this research were 10% of the avocado population on one plantation. The results of this research were that isolates were obtained from five avocado trees which were used as sample samples. The isolate obtained had criteria similar to Phytophthora sp. based on the spores possessed and further identification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the isolate, it showed that the isolate obtained was Phanerochaete sp. not Phytophthora sp. Identification of a pathogen such as Phytophthora sp. on avocado trees needs to be done at the molecular level to obtain disease-free planting material.
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