Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Beberapa Varietas Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) pada Berbagai Dosis NPK
Growth and Production of Several Varieties of Corn Plants (Zea mays L.) at Various Doses of NPK
Abstract
Jagung merupakan bahan pangan terpenting setelah beras, yang berperan penting sebagai bahan pangan, sumber pendapatan dan bahan baku strategis bagi pertanian dan pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon berbagai varietas jagung terhadap dosis pemupukan NPK yang memberikan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas terbaik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia Bajeng, Kecamatan Bajeng, Kabupaten Gowa Sulawesi Selatan pada ketinggian 27.2 mdpl, dengan titik koordinat 5○18’21.5”LS, 119○28’38.6”BT dan suhu rata-rata 28,5○C. Penelitian ini berlangsung pada bulan Mei hingga Oktober 2023. Penelitian ini disusun dalam rancangan petak terpisah, lima dosis pemupukan sebagai petak utama yang terdiri, 60 % N:P:K (120:90:60 kg.ha-1), 80% N:P:K (160:120:80 kg.ha-1), 100% N:P:K (200:150:100 kg.ha-1), 120% N:P:K (240:180:120 kg.ha-1) dan 140% N:P:K (280:210:140 kg.ha-1). Sedangkan anak petak adalah varietas jagung, yaitu Nasa 29, Bisi 18 dan Sinhas 1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara dosis pemupukan 100% N:P:K (200:150:100 kg.ha-1) dengan varietas Bisi 18 memberikan produktivitas terbaik dibanding interaksi antar dosis pemupukan dan varietas lainnya dengan rata-rata produktivitas 11.04 t.ha-1. Dosis pemupukan yang memberikan produktivitas terbaik dibanding lima dosis pemupukan lainnya yaitu dosis pemupukan 100% N:P:K (200:150:100 kg.ha-1) dengan rata-rata produktivitas 9.28 t.ha-1. Varietas yang memberikan produktivitas terbaik dibanding dua varietas lainya yaitu Bisi 18 dengan rata-rata produktivitas 8.98 t.ha-1. Parameter yang memberikan korelasi positif terhadap produktivitas yaitu karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, tinggi letak tongkol, bobot tongkol kupasan, diameter tongkol, panjang tongkol, panjang tongkol berbiji, jumlah baris biji per tongkol, rendemen biji dan bobot 1000 biji.
Maize is the most important food after rice, which plays an important role as food, a source of income and a strategic raw material for Indonesia's agriculture and economic development. This study aims to determine the response of various corn varieties to the dose of NPK fertilization that provides the best growth and productivity. The research was conducted at the Experimental Farm (KP) of the Bajeng Cereal Crops Research Center, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi at an altitude of 27.2 meters above sea level, with coordinates 5○18'21.5 "N, 119○28'38.6 "E and an average temperature of 28.5○C. This research took place from May to October 2023. The study was arranged in a separate plot design, five fertilizer doses as the main plot consisting of 60% N:P:K (120:90:60 kg.ha-1), 80% N:P:K (160:120:80 kg.ha-1), 100% N:P:K (200:150:100 kg.ha-1), 120% N:P:K (240:180:120 kg.ha-1) and 140% N:P:K (280:210:140 kg.ha-1). The results showed that the interaction between the fertilizer dose of 100% N:P:K (200:150:100 kg.ha-1) with the variety Bisi 18 gave the best productivity compared to the interaction between the fertilizer dose and other varieties with an average productivity of 11.04 t.ha-1. The fertilizer dose that gave the best productivity compared to five other fertilizer doses was 100% N:P:K (200:150:100 kg.ha-1) with an average productivity of 9.28 t.ha-1. The variety that gave the best productivity compared to the other two varieties was Bisi 18 with an average productivity of 8.98 t.ha-1. Parameters that provide a positive correlation to productivity are plant height, number of leaves, cob height, cob weight, cob diameter, cob length, cob length, number of seed rows per cob, seed yield and 1000 seed weight.
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