Konsep Permakultur Sebagai Metode Pengendalian Serangan Tikus pada Jagung Manis di Pertanian Perkotaan
Permaculture Concept as Control Method of Rats Attack on Sweet Corn in Urban Farming
Abstract
Jagung merupakan sumber pangan terpenting setelah padi yang mudah dikembangkan pada pertanian di perkotaan (urban farming). Kendala yang sering dijumpai dalam pertanian di perkotaan adalah serangan tikus. Penggunaan pestisida kimia untuk mengendalikan tikus masih menjadi cara yang paling banyak digunakan tetapi menjadi penyebab pencemaran lingkungan dan kesehatan. Permakultur merupakan konsep pertanian yang inovatif dan sinergis berdasarkan keanekaragaman tanaman, ketahanan, produktivitas alami, dan berkelanjutan yang dapat diterapkan sebagai upaya pengelolaan hama terpadu. Keunggulan lain dari permakultur adalah menghasilkan berbagai jenis hasil pangan tanpa memerlukan lahan yang luas, sehingga konsep ini dapat menjadi solusi untuk keterbatasan lahan dan upaya pemenuhan pangan di perkotaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep permakultur dapat diterapkan pada pertanaman urban farming yang mampu mencegah serangan tikus khususnya pada jagung manis. Serangan tikus pada jagung manis di pertanaman monokultur dimulai pada 21 HST dan mencapai 53% pada pengamatan 49 HST sedangkan pada pertanaman permakultur tidak terdapat serangan tikus (0%). Gejala serangan yang ditunjukkan berupa adanya bekas gigitan pada pangkal bawah batang jagung yang menyebabkan tanaman jagung manis patah, roboh, dan akhirnya mati.
Corn is the most important food crops after rice which is easy to grow in urban farming. Obstacles encountered in urban farming are rat attacks. The use of chemical pesticides to control rats is still the most widely used method, but it becomes environmental and health pollution. Permaculture is an innovative and synergistic agricultural concept based on plant diversity, resilience, natural productivity and sustainability which can be applied as an integrated pest management effort. Another advantage of permaculture is that it produces various types of food without requiring large areas of land, so this concept can be a solution for limited land and efforts to fulfill food needs in urban areas. The results showed that the concept of permaculture can be applied to urban farming which is able to prevent rat attacks, especially on sweet corn. Rat attacks on sweet corn in monoculture plantings started at 21 DAP and reached 53% at 49 DAP observations, while there was no rat attack on permaculture plantations (0%). Symptoms of the attack are shown in the form of bite marks on the lower base of the corn stalks which cause the sweet corn plants to break, collapse, and eventually die.
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