Analisis Risiko Usahatani Padi Sawah di Desa Iwoimea Jaya Kecamatan Aere Kabupaten Kolaka Timur
Risk Analysis of Rice Farming in Iwoimea Jaya Village Aere District Kolaka Timur Regency
Abstract
Tanaman padi sawah adalah tanaman penghasil beras yang merupakan sumber penghasil karbohidrat bagi sebagian penduduk dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui risiko yang terdapat pada usahatani padi sawah dan mendeskripsikan upaya yang dilakukan petani untuk mengelola risiko usahatani padi sawah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 193 petani. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara acak sederhana (Simple Random Sampling) berjumlah 36 petani dengan menggunakan rumus slovin. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa risiko yang terjadi pada saat pengolahan lahan yaitu kurangnya ketersediaan alat mesin traktor, dan kurangnya ketersediaaan air irigasi. Pada saat penanaman risiko yang terjadi yaitu tanaman gagal tumbuh dan tanaman kerdil. Pada saat pemeliharaan risiko yang terjadi yaitu penyakit blast, tikus, walang sangit, dan wereng. Pada saat pemanenan risiko yang terjadi yaitu pada saat masa panen keterbatasan alat mesin panen sehingga mengakibatkan keterlambatan dalam pemanenan.Upaya petani dalam pengelolaan risiko yang dihadapi sebelum terjadi, pada saat terjadi dan setelah terjadi adalah dilakukan dengan menghindari risiko tersebut dengan cara apabila terjadi tanda-tanda serangan hama dan penyakit maka petani mengatasi dengan cara menyemprotkan obat-obatan atau pestisida yang sesuai untuk mengatasi hama dan penyakit tersebut agar tidak berkelanjutan keareal lainnya yang akan mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas hasil produksi padi sawah.
Rice plants are rice-producing plants that are a source of carbohydrate production for some of the world's population.This study aims to determine the risks found in paddy farming and describe the efforts made by farmers to manage the risks of paddy rice farming. The population in this study was 193 farmers.The determination of samples in this study was carried out by simple random sampling (Simple Random Sampling) totaling 36 farmers using a slovin formula.The data analysis used in this study was qualitative descriptive. The results showed that the risks that occur during land processing are the lack of availability of tractor machine tools, and the lack of availability of irrigation water. At the time of planting, the risks that occur are plants that fail to grow and stunted plants. At the time of maintenance the risks that occur are blast disease, rats, walang sangit, and leafhoppers. At the time of harvesting, the risk that occurs during the harvest period, the limitations of harvesting machine tools resulting in delays in harvesting.Farmers' efforts in managing risks faced before they occur,When it occurs and after it occurs is done by avoiding these risks by means of if there are signs of pest and disease attacks, farmers overcome by spraying drugsor pesticides that are suitable to overcome these pests and diseases so that they are not sustainable in other areas that will result in a decrease in the quality of rice field production.
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