Analisis Wacana Kritis Ideologi Media Online Al Jazeera Arabic dan BBC Arabic Mengenai Pemberitaan Isu Uighur
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/t470dd49
AWK, Van Dijk, ideologi, Al Jazeera, BBC
Abstract
Isu pelanggaran hak asasi manusia terhadap etnis Uighur di Xinjiang banyak diberitakan media internasional sejak 2018, namun pemberitaannya tidak lepas dari kepentingan ideologis institusi media yang memproduksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap ideologi yang melandasi pemberitaan isu Uighur pada Al Jazeera Arabic dan BBC Arabic menggunakan AWK model Teun A. van Dijk, dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-komparatif pada korpus 20 artikel, mencakup tiga dimensi analisis: struktur teks, kognisi sosial, dan konteks sosial. Hasil menunjukkan Al Jazeera Arabic konsisten membingkai isu Uighur dalam kerangka genosida, menonjolkan kesaksian korban secara emosional, kalimat aktif yang menempatkan China sebagai pelaku, serta leksikon evaluatif afektif. BBC Arabic membingkainya sebagai pengungkapan fakta melalui investigasi/dokumen, melembagakan bantahan resmi China, menggunakan konstruksi pasif/nominalisasi, serta leksikon dokumenter dan retorika statistik. Pada kognisi sosial, Al Jazeera Arabic menonjolkan identitas keislaman korban sementara BBC Arabic menonjolkan status korban sebagai subjek investigasi; pada konteks sosial, BBC Arabic menonjolkan verifikasi redaksinya sendiri sementara Al Jazeera Arabic lebih mengandalkan investigasi media lain. Pola ini sejalan dengan konsep ideological square Van Dijk, menunjukkan kedua media memproduksi ideologi berbeda meski sama-sama tidak menyangkal keberadaan kamp penahanan.
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