Seloko dalam Tradisi Tunjuk Ajar Tegur Sapo pada Upacara Pernikahan Jambi: Kajian Etnografi Komunikasi
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/x7rhee18
etnografi komunikasi, seloko, tradisi Tunjuk Ajar Tegur Sapo
Abstract
Tradisi Tunjuk Ajar Tegur Sapo merupakan salah satu bentuk komunikasi adat masyarakat Melayu Jambi yang menggunakan seloko sebagai media penyampaian nasihat kepada kedua mempelai setelah pernikahan. Tradisi ini tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai sarana komunikasi, tetapi juga sebagai media pewarisan nilai-nilai budaya yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun. Kajian mengenai bentuk komunikasi dalam tradisi tersebut masih relatif terbatas, khususnya yang menggunakan perspektif etnografi komunikasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk komunikasi dalam Tradisi Tunjuk Ajar Tegur Sapo berdasarkan model SPEAKING Dell Hymes. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode etnografi komunikasi. Data diperoleh melalui observasi terhadap video dokumentasi, transkripsi tuturan seloko, dan dokumentasi pendukung. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan model SPEAKING Dell Hymes untuk mengidentifikasi pola komunikasi dalam tradisi Tunjuk Ajar Tegur Sapo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tradisi Tunjuk Ajar Tegur Sapo merupakan speech event yang berlangsung melalui komunikasi satu arah dalam suasana adat yang sakral, dengan struktur penyampaian seloko yang sistemastis sebagai media pewarisan nilai budaya. Struktur tersebut dimulai dari penegasan perubahan status sosial, pembentukan karakter, penguatan etika keluarga dan masyarakat, penanaman tanggung jawab ekonomi, hingga peneguhan nilai adat dan agama. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memperkaya kajian etnografi komunikasi dengan menunjukkan bahwa model SPEAKING mampu menjelaskan hubungan antara struktur komunikasi adat dan mekanisme pewarisan nilai budaya.
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