Simbol dan Citraan Kuliner: Gastrokritik terhadap Perjamuan Khong Guan Karya Joko Pinurbo
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/kbh91f12
Citraan Kuliner, Gastrokritik, Intermedialitas, Kritik Sosiopolitik, Memori Kolektif
Abstract
Elemen kuliner dalam karya sastra sering kali dipandang sekadar sebagai latar estetika statis, padahal makanan merupakan sistem tanda yang sarat akan muatan sosiokultural. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konstruksi simbol dan citraan kuliner dalam kumpulan puisi Perjamuan Khong Guan karya Joko Pinurbo melalui lensa gastrokritik, serta mengungkap bagaimana elemen tersebut merepresentasikan memori kolektif dan realitas sosiopolitik masyarakat Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Sebanyak 13 puisi dipilih sebagai korpus data menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, yang kemudian dianalisis melalui pembacaan mendalam berprinsip hermeneutik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa simbol kuliner, khususnya Kaleng Khong Guan, bertransformasi dari sekadar wadah komoditas menjadi lieux de mémoire (situs memori) yang merekam identitas kultural perayaan Lebaran sekaligus trauma fragmentasi sosial. Penelitian ini mengakui sifat intermedialitas yang kuat pada objek tersebut, di mana Joko Pinurbo melakukan literarisasi terhadap fenomena meme digital populer yang memparodikan ketiadaan figur ayah sebelum mengangkatnya ke dalam teks sastra. Dialektika citraan sensoris, terutama kontras antara rasa ‘renyah’ dan ‘getir’, berfungsi sebagai metafora ketabahan individu dalam mengonsumsi pahitnya kenyataan hidup. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pergeseran fokus analisis dari ranah domestik menuju kritik sosiopolitik makro. Berbeda dengan penelitian Ambarwati et al. (2020) yang menitikberatkan pada krisis relasi keluarga di ruang privat, temuan penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa aktivitas di meja makan merupakan mikrokosmos dari intervensi negara. Melalui narasi satir “Ayah dipinjam negara”, teks mengonstruksi fenomena fatherless sebagai representasi ketiadaan sosok pengayom dalam struktur bangsa. Simpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa integrasi gastrokritik dan sosiologi memori mampu membedah aktivitas profan di meja makan sebagai situs yang merekam luka kolektif sebuah bangsa akibat intervensi kekuasaan.
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