Babad dan Epos dalam Novel Ratu Kalinyamat: Laksamana yang Disegani Portugis Karya Setyo Wardoyo: Analisis Respons Estetik Wolfgang Iser
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/e40y6r34
Babad Tanah Jawi, Kakawin Bharatayudha, Mahabharata, Ramayana, repertoire
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi babad dan epos dalam novel Ratu Kalinyamat: Laksamana yang Disegani Portugis karya Setyo Wardoyo berdasarkan teori respons estetik Wolfgang Iser. Sumber dan data penelitian adalah novel Ratu Kalinyamat: Laksamana yang Disegani Portugis karya Setyo Wardoyo serta teks babad dan epos terkait. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik simak dan teknik catat. Teknik analisis data melalui tiga langkah, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karya sastra lama berupa babad (Babad Tanah Jawi) dan epos (Mahabharata, Kakawin Bharatayudha, dan Ramayana) merupakan repertoire yang menjadi dasar penciptaan novel Ratu Kalinyamat: Laksamana yang Disegani Portugis. Novel tersebut mencoba merekonstruksi citra negatif Ratu Kalinyamat yang tertulis dalam Babad Tanah Jawi maupun mitos terkait tapa wuda asinjang rikma. Babad Tanah Jawi hanya menceritakan sisi rohaniah saja, sedangkan pada novel Ratu Kalinyamat dihadirkan sebagai sosok yang lebih realistis. Ritual kramas dimaknai sebagai sarana penyucian yang terilhami dari tokoh Drupadi dalam wiracarita Mahabharata. Selain itu, formasi cakrabyuha terdapat dalam Kakawin Bharatayudha. Pertikaian antarsepupu terilhami dari kisah Mahabharata antara Pandawa dan Kurawa, sedangkan pertarungan menggunakan perantara diambil dari kisah Rama dan Bali dalam Ramayana. Selain kronik tanah Jawa, novel Ratu Kalinyamat: Laksamana yang Disegani Portugis juga menceritakan tentang perjuangan Ratu Kalinyamat melawan kolonialisme. Portugis menjuluki Ratu Kalinyamat sebagai Rainha de Japara atau penguasa Jepara dan Rainha de Kalinyamat atau penguasa Kalinyamat.
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