Relasi Bahasa dan Kekuasaan dalam Surat Panggilan Penyidik terhadap Saksi Anak; Kajian Semantik Pragmatik
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v12i1.7712
anak; linguistik forensik; pragmatik; semantik; surat panggilan
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bahasa dalam surat panggilan penyidik kepada anak sebagai saksi/korban untuk mengungkap fungsi performatifnya dalam membangun kewajiban hukum dan relasi kuasa. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dalam kerangka linguistik forensik dengan menganalisis secara semantik (leksikal, gramatikal, proposisional) dan pragmatik (tindak tutur, implikatur, presuposisi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara semantik surat panggilan membangun medan makna kewajiban–pelanggaran–sanksi melalui pilihan leksikal deontik, struktur gramatikal direktif yang bersifat impersonal, serta proposisi normatif yang mengaitkan ketidakpatuhan dengan konsekuensi pidana. Secara pragmatik, dokumen tersebut merealisasikan tindak tutur direktif–deklaratif, menghasilkan implikatur koersif berupa ancaman sanksi, dan memuat presuposisi bahwa penerima memiliki kompetensi hukum setara dengan orang dewasa. Temuan ini mengungkap adanya ketidaksesuian antara konstruksi bahasa dalam surat panggilan dengan prinsip child-friendly justice yang menekankan kepentingan terbaik bagi anak dan perlindungan dari tekanan. Studi ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan linguistik forensik sekaligus memberikan dasar normatif bagi perancangan bahasa dokumen hukum yang lebih manusiawi dan berkeadilan bagi anak.
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Perundang-undangan :
Undang-undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 Tentang Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHAP)
Undang-undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 Tentang Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (TPPO)
Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 Tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (SPPA)
Undang-undang Nomo 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak
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