Nilai Solidaritas dalam Puisi Kekasih Palestina Karya Mahmoud Darwish dan Palestina, Bagaimana Bisa Aku Melupakanmu? Karya Taufiq Ismail: Sebuah Kajian Sastra Bandingan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/ghwge083
solidaritas, sastra bandingan, Emile Durkheim, Mahmoud Darwish, Taufiq Ismail
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan membandingkan representasi solidaritas sosial dalam puisi “Kekasih Palestina” karya Mahmoud Darwish dan “Palestina, Bagaimana Bisa Aku Melupakanmu?” karya Taufiq Ismail, serta menjelaskan pengaruh latar historis dan kultural terhadap konstruksi solidaritas dalam kedua teks. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-komparatif dalam kerangka sosiologi sastra dengan landasan teori solidaritas Émile Durkheim, khususnya konsep solidaritas mekanis dan organik. Data dianalisis melalui teknik close reading dengan mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur puitik seperti diksi, imaji, dan simbolisme yang kemudian dikategorikan berdasarkan bentuk solidaritas yang direpresentasikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa puisi Mahmoud Darwish merepresentasikan solidaritas mekanis yang berakar pada kesamaan identitas kolektif, memori historis, serta pengalaman eksil bangsa Palestina. Solidaritas ini dibangun melalui penggunaan metafora tubuh, citraan lanskap tanah air, serta simbol-simbol nasional yang berfungsi memperkuat kesadaran komunal dan semangat perlawanan. Sebaliknya, puisi Taufiq Ismail merepresentasikan solidaritas organik-spiritual yang terbentuk melalui empati lintas budaya dan kesadaran moral-religius universal. Solidaritas tersebut dimediasi oleh penggunaan imaji religius, simbol spiritual, serta analogi pengalaman lokal Indonesia yang memungkinkan pembaca merasakan keterhubungan emosional dengan realitas Palestina. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa perangkat puitik tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai elemen estetika, tetapi juga sebagai mekanisme representasi kohesi sosial dalam konteks konflik global. Selain itu, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan latar sosial, historis, dan kultural penyair berpengaruh signifikan terhadap cara solidaritas dikonstruksikan dalam teks. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memperluas penerapan teori solidaritas Durkheim dalam kajian sastra bandingan lintas budaya serta menegaskan peran puisi sebagai medium artikulasi solidaritas moral, resistensi simbolik, dan empati global.
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