Kajian Ekokritik : Representasi Alam dalam Karya Sastra Klasik Tiongkok pada Era 宋朝 (Sòng Cháo)
https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v11i4.6986
Keywords:
Puisi Dinasti Song, Teori Ekokritik, Representasi Alam, Filsafat Tiongkok, Kesadaran EkologisAbstract
Sastra klasik Tiongkok merupakan warisan budaya yang sarat nilai filosofis, di mana alam tidak hanya menjadi latar, tetapi juga simbol bermakna. Dalam konteks tersebut, ekokritik hadir sebagai pendekatan untuk memahami bagaimana karya sastra merefleksikan interaksi manusia dengan lingkungannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji representasi alam dalam puisi Dinasti Song melalui perspektif ekokritik. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data antologi 宋词三百首 (Sòng Cí Sān Bǎi Shǒu), dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan ekokritik Cheryll Glotfelty (1996). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa unsur-unsur alam seperti bunga, kupu-kupu, burung walet, gunung, awan, dan gerimis berfungsi bukan sekadar sebagai ornamen estetis, tetapi juga simbol filosofis yang mencerminkan cinta, kefanaan, ketenangan batin, dan harmoni kosmos. Relasi manusia dan alam dalam keempat puisi tersebut memperlihatkan kesadaran ekologis yang kuat, di mana alam dipandang sebagai entitas hidup yang menyatu dengan batin manusia. Pandangan alam dalam karya-karya ini berpijak pada nilai-nilai filsafat Konfusianisme dan Taoisme: Konfusianisme menekankan keseimbangan moral dan sosial, sedangkan Taoisme mengajarkan keselarasan alami melalui prinsip ziran (自然) dan wu wei (无为). Kedua pandangan tersebut berpadu dalam konsep tian ren he yi (天人合一), yaitu kesatuan antara manusia dan alam. Dengan demikian, puisi-puisi Dinasti Song tidak hanya menghadirkan keindahan alam secara puitis, tetapi juga menyampaikan pesan ekologis lintas zaman bahwa kebijaksanaan sejati tercapai ketika manusia hidup selaras dengan alam dan menjaga keseimbangan kosmos.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Dhevy Olivia Firdaus, Octi Rjeky Mardasar, Aiga Ventivani, Galuh Bunga Usadani, Dzun Nun Septin Renda Rabbani
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