Al-Qalb wa al-Ibdàl dalam Bahasa Arab
Abstract
Tulisan ini membahas tentang isytiqa>q yang merupakan karakteristik terpenting bahasa Arab sehingga jarang ditemukan suatu kitab yang mengkaji tentang bahasa Arab yang tidak memiliki pembahasan tersendiri tentang masalah al-isytiqa>q. Al-qalb (pembolak-balikan huruf) merupakan bagian dari isytiqà>q, dengan anggapan bahwa hasil dari pembolak-balikan tersebut memiliki kesatuan makna secara umum, kemudian ulama bahasa menambahkan satu bagian lain, yaitu ibda>l al-h}uru>f (penggantian huruf) sebagai bagian dari isytiqà>q. Maka jadilah pembahasan al-isytiqà>q dalam us}u>l al-lugah terbagi kepada tiga bagian: a) isytiqà>q s}agi>r atau as}gar atau ‘a>m, b) isytiqà>q kabi>r (diistilahkan dengan al-qalb), dan c) isytiqà>q akbar (disebut dengan al-ibda>l). Kemudian ahli bahasa modern menambahkan satu bagian keempat, yang diistilahkan dengan isytiqà>q kubba>r (al-nah}t).
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