Gastronomi sebagai Media Diplomasi Budaya dalam Pembelajaran BIPA: Kajian Persepsi, Motivasi dan Minat
https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v11i4.7048
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data kuantitatif dan kualitataif mengenai pengalaman dan persepsi pemelajar BIPA terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia berbasis gastronomi. Pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa kedua menjadi pembelajaran yang semakin dikenal oleh masyarakat di luar Indonesia. Hal ini memberikan peluang besar untuk semakin mengenalkan citra Indonesia ke kancah internasional. Salah satu bentuk pengenalan ini adalah dengan mengenalkan gastronomi ke dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia sebagai bentuk soft diplomasi berkelanjutan. Pembelajaran ini bahasa Indonesia ini dikenal dengan pembelajaran BIPA. Pembelajaran BIPA berbasis gastronomi dapat memberikan pengalaman belajar bahasa yang kontekstual dan interaktif. Hal ini berpotensi memengaruhi persepsi, motivasi, dan minat belajar terhadap bahasa dan budaya Indonesia sehingga penelitian ini penting untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian campuran atau yang biasa dikenal dengan mix methods karena di dalam penelitian ini mengeksplorasi persepsi, motivasi, dan minat pemelajar yang mengintegrasikan data wawancara untuk memperkuat temuan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan dapat diperoleh hasil bahwa berdasarkan uji validitas ditemukan ada dua soal yang tidak valid dan 34 soal yang valid dengan rata-rata skor di atas 3.0. Artinya ialah bahwa responden cenderung memberikan penilaian yang positif terhadap aspek yang diukur. Berdasarkan uji reliabilitas diperoleh bahwa pada konstruk persepsi menunjukkan nilai α = 0,86, pada konstuk motivasi menunjukkan nilai α = 0,84, pada konstruk minat mneunjukkan α = 0,88, artinya bahwa semua butir pernyataan memiliki konsistensi internal yang tinggi untuk mengukur variable penelitian. Berdasarkan uji analisis deskriptif diperoleh bahwa (1) dalam hal persepsi diperoleh nilai rata-rata 3,92, (2) dalam hal motivasi diperoleh nilai rata-rata 3,78, dan (3) dalam hal minat diperoleh nilai rata-rata 3,84. Hasil uji analisis deskriptif ini didukung dengan data wawancara yang menunjukkan bahwa BIPA berbasis gastronomi terbukti efektif meningkatkan keterampilan bahasa, motivasi, dan minat pemelajar, sekaligus kesadaran dan pemahaman budaya Indonesia yang berkelanjutan.
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