Pengaruh Metode Mnemonik terhadap Keterampilan Berbicara Mahasiswa
https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v11i3.6401
Keywords:
keterampilan berbicara, mnemonik, bahasa Jerman, penguasaan kosakataAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan metode mnemonik terhadap peningkatan keterampilan berbicara mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Jerman FKIP Universitas Pattimura. Keterampilan berbicara dalam bahasa asing, khususnya bahasa Jerman, memerlukan penguasaan kosakata yang baik. Namun, banyak mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan dalam berbicara karena keterbatasan kosakata. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, penelitian ini menerapkan metode mnemonik tipe Substitute Word System (SWS), yaitu teknik mengaitkan kosakata baru dengan kata atau konsep dalam bahasa ibu yang memiliki bunyi serupa, kemudian dibentuk menjadi asosiasi visual atau cerita pendek yang mudah diingat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain eksperimen one-group pretest-posttest. Sampel terdiri dari 17 mahasiswa semester II. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes lisan yang dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan, di mana mahasiswa diminta mengajukan dan menjawab pertanyaan berdasarkan tema dan kata tanya tertentu. Penerapan mnemonik dilakukan secara intensif selama beberapa pertemuan, di mana mahasiswa dilatih membuat asosiasi bunyi dan makna dari kosakata bahasa Jerman dengan kata dalam bahasa Indonesia atau gambar yang familiar. Hasil analisis menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada keterampilan berbicara mahasiswa. Nilai thit = 5,55 lebih besar dari ttab = 2,12 pada taraf signifikan 0,05 dengan db = 16. Ini menunjukkan bahwa metode mnemonik tipe Substitute-Word System efektif dalam membantu mahasiswa mengingat dan menggunakan kosakata secara kontekstual, sehingga berdampak positif terhadap kelancaran dan ketepatan berbicara dalam bahasa Jerman. Metode ini dapat dijadikan alternatif pembelajaran kosakata dalam pengajaran bahasa asing.
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